Hostetler Zachary S, Hsu Fang-Chi, Barnard Ryan, Jones Derek A, Davis Matthew L, Weaver Ashley A, Gayzik F Scott
Wake Forest School of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
Wake Forest School of Medicine, Biostatistics and Data Science, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2020 Oct 12;21(sup1):S112-S117. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1880006. Epub 2021 Mar 12.
The objective of this study was to develop injury risk curves as a function of change in vehicle velocity for occupants in far-side lateral motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) by AIS level, body region, and specific AIS codes that commonly occur in this crash mode.
The National Automotive Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) years 2000-2015 database was queried, resulting in 4,495 non-weighted far-side crashes. For each case, occupant age, sex, and the following metadata were collected: vehicle model year, vehicle body type, lateral delta-v, normalized PDOF, multiple impacts, belt use, seat position, object contacted, striking vehicle body type, maximum crush extent and side airbag deployment. Multivariable logistic regression was used to develop risk curves for AIS 2+ through 5+ injuries, AIS 2+ injuries by body region (head, thorax, lower extremity), and for each of the 10 most frequent far-side AIS 2+ injuries. Significant covariates were determined by backwards elimination (p < 0.05). The full dataset and a subsampled dataset of only cases with side airbag deployment were used to develop risk curves.
For AIS 2+ through 5+ injury, greater delta-V was associated with greater injury risk (OR's: 2.48-3.66 per 11.9 kph increase) and belt use was associated with lower risk (OR's: 0.04-0.36 compared to unbelted). Multiple impacts were significant predictors of increased AIS 3+, 4+ and 5+ injury risk (OR's: 2.56, 2.27 and 2.83 compared to single impact). For AIS 2+ body region injuries, lateral delta-V and maximum CDC extent were positively associated with increased head, thorax and lower extremity injury risk while belt use was associated with lower risk. Increased lateral delta-v, unbelted status, and greater maximum CDC extent frequently increased injury risk for the most common far-side injuries. Side airbag deployment was not a significant covariate for the injury risk models.
The resulting risk models expand upon previous literature gaps to provide a more comprehensive view of contributors to injury risk for occupants in far-side MVCs. This study yields risk curves based on the latest available NASS-CDS data.
本研究的目的是根据远侧横向机动车碰撞（MVC）中乘员的车速变化，按损伤严重度评分（AIS）等级、身体部位以及该碰撞模式中常见的特定AIS编码，制定损伤风险曲线。
查询了2000 - 2015年国家汽车抽样系统-碰撞worthiness数据系统（NASS-CDS）数据库，得到4495起未加权的远侧碰撞事故。对于每起事故，收集了乘员年龄、性别以及以下元数据：车辆型号年份、车身类型、横向速度变化量（delta-v）、标准化偏置碰撞方向（PDOF）、多次碰撞、安全带使用情况、座位位置、接触物体、碰撞车辆车身类型、最大挤压程度和侧面安全气囊展开情况。采用多变量逻辑回归分析，制定AIS 2+至5+级损伤、按身体部位（头部、胸部、下肢）划分的AIS 2+级损伤以及最常见的10种远侧AIS 2+级损伤各自的风险曲线。通过向后剔除（p < 0.05）确定显著协变量。完整数据集以及仅包含侧面安全气囊展开事故的子采样数据集用于制定风险曲线。
对于AIS 2+至5+级损伤，更大的速度变化量（delta-V）与更高的损伤风险相关（每增加11.9公里/小时，优势比（OR）为2.48 - 3.66），安全带使用与较低风险相关（与未系安全带相比，OR为0.04 - 0.36）。多次碰撞是AIS 3+、4+和5+级损伤风险增加的显著预测因素（与单次碰撞相比，OR分别为2.56、2.27和2.83）。对于AIS 2+级身体部位损伤，横向速度变化量（delta-V）和最大挤压程度（CDC）与头部、胸部和下肢损伤风险增加呈正相关，而安全带使用与较低风险相关。横向速度变化量增加、未系安全带状态以及更大的最大挤压程度（CDC）通常会增加最常见远侧损伤的损伤风险。侧面安全气囊展开对于损伤风险模型不是一个显著协变量。
所得风险模型弥补了以往文献中的空白，为远侧MVC中乘员损伤风险的影响因素提供了更全面的视角。本研究基于最新的NASS-CDS数据得出了风险曲线。
