Parenteau Chantal S, Viano David C
a ProBiomechanics LLC , Bloomfield Hills , Michigan.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2018 Apr 3;19(3):264-269. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1393664. Epub 2018 Feb 8.
This is a study that updates earlier research on the influence of a front passenger on the risk for severe driver injury in near-side and far-side impacts. It includes the effects of belt use by the driver and passenger, identifies body regions involved in driver injury, and identifies the sources for severe driver head injury.
1997-2015 NASS-CDS data were used to investigate the risk for Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) 4 + F driver injury in near-side and far-side impacts by front passenger belt use and as a sole occupant in the driver seat. Side impacts were identified with GAD1 = L or R without rollover (rollover ≤ 0). Front-outboard occupants were included without ejection (ejection = 0). Injury severity was defined by MAIS and fatality (F) by TREATMNT = 1 or INJSEV = 4. Weighted data were determined. The risk for MAIS 4 + F was determined using the number of occupants with known injury status MAIS 0 + F. Standard errors were determined.
Overall, belted drivers had greater risks for severe injury in near-side than far-side impacts. As a sole driver, the risk was 0.969 ± 0.212% for near-side and 0.313 ± 0.069% for far-side impacts (P < .005). The driver's risk was 0.933 ± 0.430% with an unbelted passenger and 0.596 ± 0.144% with a belted passenger in near-side impacts. The risk was 2.17 times greater with an unbelted passenger (NS). The driver's risk was 0.782 ± 0.431% with an unbelted passenger and 0.361% ± 0.114% with a belted passenger in far-side impacts. The risk was 1.57 times greater with an unbelted passenger (P < .10). Seat belt use was 66 to 95% effective in preventing MAIS 4 + F injury in the driver. For belted drivers, the head and thorax were the leading body regions for Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 4+ injury. For near-side impacts, the leading sources for AIS 4+ head injury were the left B-pillar, roof, and other vehicle. For far-side impacts, the leading sources were the other occupant, right interior, and roof (8.5%).
Seat belt use by a passenger lowered the risk of severe driver injury in side impacts. The reduction was 54% in near-side impacts and 36% in far-side impacts. Belted drivers experienced mostly head and thoracic AIS 4+ injuries. Head injuries in the belted drivers were from contact with the side interior and the other occupant, even with a belted passenger.
本研究更新了早期关于前排乘客对近侧和远侧碰撞中驾驶员严重受伤风险影响的研究。研究内容包括驾驶员和乘客使用安全带的影响，确定驾驶员受伤涉及的身体部位，并找出驾驶员头部严重受伤的来源。
使用1997 - 2015年国家汽车抽样系统 - 碰撞数据系统（NASS - CDS）的数据，调查前排乘客使用安全带以及驾驶员独自坐在驾驶座时，在近侧和远侧碰撞中驾驶员达到简明损伤定级标准（MAIS）4级及以上（MAIS 4 +）损伤的风险。侧面碰撞通过GAD1 = L或R且无翻滚（翻滚≤0）来确定。纳入前排外侧乘客且无弹出情况（弹出 = 0）。损伤严重程度由MAIS和死亡情况（F）定义，其中TREATMNT = 1或INJSEV = 4。确定加权数据。使用已知损伤状态为MAIS 0 + F的乘客数量来确定MAIS 4 + F的风险。确定标准误差。
总体而言，系安全带的驾驶员在近侧碰撞中遭受严重伤害的风险高于远侧碰撞。作为单独驾驶员时，近侧碰撞的风险为0.969±0.212%，远侧碰撞的风险为0.313±0.069%（P <.005）。在近侧碰撞中，乘客未系安全带时驾驶员的风险为0.933±0.430%，乘客系安全带时驾驶员的风险为0.596±0.144%。乘客未系安全带时驾驶员的风险高出2.17倍（无统计学差异）。在远侧碰撞中，乘客未系安全带时驾驶员的风险为0.782±0.431%，乘客系安全带时驾驶员的风险为0.361%±0.114%。乘客未系安全带时驾驶员的风险高出1.57倍（P <.10）。安全带在预防驾驶员MAIS 4 +损伤方面的有效性为66%至95%。对于系安全带的驾驶员，头部和胸部是简明损伤定级标准（AIS）4级及以上损伤的主要身体部位。对于近侧碰撞，AIS 4级及以上头部损伤的主要来源是左侧B柱、车顶和车辆其他部位。对于远侧碰撞，主要来源是其他乘客、右侧车内和车顶（8.5%）。
乘客使用安全带可降低侧面碰撞中驾驶员严重受伤的风险。在近侧碰撞中降低了54%，在远侧碰撞中降低了36%。系安全带的驾驶员大多遭受头部和胸部AIS 4级及以上损伤。即使乘客系了安全带，系安全带驾驶员的头部损伤也是由于与侧面车内和其他乘客接触所致。
