Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Cellular & Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Neurochem Res. 2021 Jun;46(6):1480-1486. doi: 10.1007/s11064-021-03289-y. Epub 2021 Mar 12.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with neural oxidative stress and inflammation, and it is assumed to affect more women than men with unknown mechanisms. Kaempferol (KMP) as a potent natural antioxidant has been known to exhibit various biological and pharmacological functions, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. We aimed here to evaluate the role of gender difference in response to KMP on the rat model of sporadic AD. Forty-six female and male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of sham, streptozotocin (STZ) + saline (SAL), STZ + KMP. Female rats were ovariectomized, and then all animals received an intracerebroventricular bilateral injection of STZ (3 mg/kg) to induce the AD model. KMP (10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered for 21 consecutive days. Afterward, spatial learning and memory were assessed via the Morris water maze task (MWM). Finally, the hippocampus level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione, and malondialdehyde were measured using calorimetric kits. Data showed a significant cognition deficit in STZ + SAL compared with the sham. To sum up, we reported that chronic KMP treatment increase significantly improved acquisition and retrieval of spatial memory as evident by longer TTS (total time spent) and short-latency to the platform in MWM. In addition, KMP increased the levels of SOD and glutathione in the hippocampus of rats. Also, KMP decreased hippocampal levels of malondialdehyde in both genders. In conclusion, KMP successfully restores spatial memory impairment independent of gender difference. This memory restoration may at least in part be mediated through boosting the hippocampal level of SOD and glutathione.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）与神经氧化应激和炎症有关，据推测，其影响女性多于男性，但具体机制尚不清楚。山奈酚（KMP）作为一种有效的天然抗氧化剂，具有多种生物学和药理学功能，包括抗氧化和抗炎作用。我们旨在评估性别差异对 KMP 反应在散发性 AD 大鼠模型中的作用。46 只雌性和雄性 Wistar 大鼠分为假手术组、链脲佐菌素（STZ）+生理盐水（SAL）组、STZ+KMP 组。雌性大鼠接受卵巢切除术，然后所有动物接受双侧脑室内注射 STZ（3mg/kg）以诱导 AD 模型。KMP（10mg/kg）连续腹腔内给药 21 天。之后，通过 Morris 水迷宫任务（MWM）评估空间学习和记忆。最后，使用比色法试剂盒测量海马中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽和丙二醛的水平。数据显示，与假手术组相比，STZ+SAL 组的认知功能明显受损。总之，我们报道慢性 KMP 治疗可显著改善空间记忆的获取和检索，表现为 MWM 中总停留时间（TTS）更长和潜伏期更短。此外，KMP 增加了大鼠海马中 SOD 和谷胱甘肽的水平。此外，KMP 降低了两性大鼠海马中的丙二醛水平。总之，KMP 成功地恢复了空间记忆障碍，与性别差异无关。这种记忆恢复至少部分可能是通过增强海马中 SOD 和谷胱甘肽的水平来介导的。
