Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC.
Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2021 Apr;44(2):261-278. doi: 10.1007/s13402-021-00587-z. Epub 2021 Mar 12.
Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has had a significant impact on the survival of a subset of patients with advanced cancers. It has been particularly effective in immunogenic cancer types that present large numbers of somatic mutations in their genomes. To date, all conventional immunotherapies have failed to produce significant clinical benefits for patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, probably due to its poor immunogenic properties, including low numbers of neoantigens and highly immune-suppressive microenvironments.
Herein, we discuss advances that have recently been made in cancer immunotherapy and the potential of this field to deliver effective treatment options for pancreatic cancer patients. Preclinical investigations, combining different types of therapies, highlight possibilities to enhance anti-tumor immunity and to generate meaningful clinical responses in pancreatic cancer patients. Results from completed and ongoing (pre)clinical trials are discussed.
检查点阻断免疫疗法对一部分晚期癌症患者的生存产生了重大影响。它在免疫原性癌症类型中特别有效，这些癌症在其基因组中呈现出大量的体细胞突变。迄今为止，所有传统的免疫疗法都未能为被诊断患有胰腺癌的患者带来显著的临床获益，这可能是由于其免疫原性较差，包括新抗原数量较少和高度免疫抑制的微环境。
本文讨论了癌症免疫疗法的最新进展，以及该领域为胰腺癌患者提供有效治疗选择的潜力。将不同类型的疗法相结合的临床前研究突出了增强抗肿瘤免疫和在胰腺癌患者中产生有意义的临床反应的可能性。讨论了已完成和正在进行的（临床前）临床试验的结果。
