Fonte Rosario, Xydis George
Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S, Borupvej 16, 7330, Brande, Denmark; Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus University, Birk Centerpark 15, 7400, Herning, Denmark.
Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus University, Birk Centerpark 15, 7400, Herning, Denmark.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Jun 1;287:112269. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112269. Epub 2021 Mar 10.
The limited literature on the cost of various recycling methodologies for thermoset composites sets the background of this work, focusing mainly on the identification of an upper and lower economic value of glass fibre recovered from wind turbine blades recycling. The study briefly reviews the materials used by various original equipment manufacturers (OEM) for wind turbine blades. Successively, it provides an overview of the various recycling methods with interest in recovered materials, mechanical and physical properties, which are used, for estimating a maximum expected value. All recycling processes show a negative effect on mechanical properties with strength loss between 30% and 60%. Process energy demands are reviewed, and considerations are set forward to estimate the minimum cost of operating mechanical, pyrolysis and fluidized bed plants in Germany. Ultimately, current applications of recovered material and related markets are explored. Through interviews and secondary data, it is highlighted that despite the lower mechanical properties, grinded material finds applications in traditional processes, cement kilns and new products. It is also found that pyrolysed fibres can be used as insulation material and oils can be easy to distil. Pyrolysis is a relatively expensive process, thereby, distillation of the oils and energy recovery are necessary enablers towards commercial viability. Mechanically grinded material presents the lowest process cost with ca. €90/tonne, thus, below landfilling and incineration and falling within the attention of private businesses. Numerous markets are available for recovered materials from wind turbine blades, primarily for grinded products and secondly for pyrolysed glass fibre.
关于热固性复合材料各种回收方法成本的文献有限，这构成了本研究的背景，主要聚焦于确定从风力涡轮机叶片回收中获得的玻璃纤维的经济价值上限和下限。该研究简要回顾了各原始设备制造商（OEM）用于风力涡轮机叶片的材料。随后，它概述了各种回收方法，涉及回收材料、所使用的机械和物理性能，以估算最大预期价值。所有回收过程都会对机械性能产生负面影响，强度损失在30%至60%之间。对工艺能源需求进行了审查，并提出了一些考虑因素，以估算德国运行机械、热解和流化床工厂的最低成本。最终，探索了回收材料的当前应用及相关市场。通过访谈和二手数据发现，尽管机械性能较低，但磨碎材料可应用于传统工艺、水泥窑和新产品。还发现热解纤维可作为绝缘材料使用，且油易于蒸馏。热解是一个相对昂贵的过程，因此，油的蒸馏和能源回收是实现商业可行性的必要条件。机械磨碎材料的工艺成本最低，约为90欧元/吨，因此低于填埋和焚烧成本，受到了私营企业的关注。风力涡轮机叶片回收材料有众多市场，主要用于磨碎产品，其次用于热解玻璃纤维。
