Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Body Image. 2021 Jun;37:204-213. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.03.001. Epub 2021 Mar 10.
Body image problems are reported during middle childhood and are associated with exposure to appearance-focused media. This longitudinal study investigated the extent to which three media influence components, Awareness, Pressure, and Internalization of media ideals, predict body image and eating problems in children and whether gender moderates this effect. A total sample of N = 688 participants (46 % girls, aged 8-11 at T1) was studied. Self-report questionnaires were administered on the media influence components, body image and eating problems at T1 and T2 (1 year later). After controlling for age, adjusted body mass index and baseline levels of body image and eating problems, results show that media influence components significantly predicted Restraint and Concerns about Eating, Weight, and Shape one year later. Awareness, however, uniquely predicted increases in Eating Concerns in boys, while Pressure predicted increases in Concerns on Eating, Weight, and Shape in girls only. The current results indicate that media influences, some of which may be gender-specific risk factors, predict subsequent body image concerns of girls and boys during middle childhood. Thus, both boys and girls should be addressed in future research and prevention programs.
身体意象问题在儿童中期就有报道，并与接触注重外貌的媒体有关。本纵向研究调查了三种媒体影响因素（意识、压力和内化媒体理想）在多大程度上预测了儿童的身体意象和饮食问题，以及性别是否调节了这种影响。共有 N=688 名参与者（46%为女孩，T1 时年龄为 8-11 岁）参与了研究。在 T1 和 T2（1 年后）时，使用自我报告问卷评估了媒体影响因素、身体意象和饮食问题。在控制年龄、调整后的体重指数以及基线身体意象和饮食问题水平后，结果表明，媒体影响因素显著预测了 1 年后的克制和对饮食、体重和体型的担忧。然而，意识仅能预测男孩的饮食担忧增加，而压力仅预测女孩的饮食、体重和体型担忧增加。目前的研究结果表明，媒体的影响，其中一些可能是特定于性别的风险因素，预测了儿童中期女孩和男孩随后的身体意象问题。因此，未来的研究和预防计划应该同时关注男孩和女孩。
