Nigam Nidhi, Khare Puja, Ahsan Mohd, Yadav Vineet, Shanker Karuna, Singh Raghavendra Pratap, Panday Versha, Das Paurabi, Singh Anupama, Yadav Ranu, Tripathi Pratibha, Sinam Geetgovind, Shukla Ashutosh K, Karak Tanmoy
Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
Physiol Plant. 2021 Mar 13. doi: 10.1111/ppl.13393.
Contaminations of heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in medicinal plants (MPs) not only restrict their safe consumption due to health hazards but also lower their productivity. Biochar amendments in the soil are supposed to immobilize the toxic metals, improve the soil quality and agricultural productivity. However, the impact of biochar on growth attributes, metal accumulation, pharmacologically active compounds of MPs, and health risk is less explored. An experiment was performed on three medicinal plants (Bacopa monnieri (L.), Andrographis paniculata (Burmf.) Nees, and Withaniasomnifera (L.)) grown in a greenhouse in soil co-contaminated with Pb and Cd (at two concentrations) without and with biochar amendments (2 and 4% application rates). The fractionation of Pb and Cd, plant growth parameters, stress enzymes, photosynthetic capacity, pharmacologically active compounds, nutrient content, uptake and translocation of metals, antioxidant activities, and metabolite content were examined in the three MPs. The accumulation of Pb and Cd varied from 3.25-228 mg kg and 1.29-20.2 mg kg , respectively, in the three MPs, while it was reduced to 0.08-18 mg kg and 0.03-6.05 mg kg upon biochar treatments. Plants grown in Pb and Cd co-contaminated soil had reduced plant biomass (5-50% depending on the species) compared to control and a deleterious effect on photosynthetic attributes and protein content. However, biochar amendments significantly improved plant biomass (21-175%), as well as photosynthesis attributes, chlorophyll, and protein contents. Biochar amendments in Pb and Cd co-contaminated soil significantly reduced the health hazard quotient (HQ) estimated for the consumption of these medicinal herbs grown on metal-rich soil. An enhancement in secondary metabolite content and antioxidant properties was also observed upon biochar treatments. These multiple beneficial effects of biochar supplementation in Pb and Cd co-contaminated soil suggested that a biochar amendment is a sustainable approach for the safe cultivation of MPs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
药用植物中铅（Pb）和镉（Cd）等重金属污染不仅因其对健康的危害而限制了它们的安全食用，还降低了它们的生产力。土壤中添加生物炭有望固定有毒金属，改善土壤质量和农业生产力。然而，生物炭对药用植物生长特性、金属积累、药理活性成分以及健康风险的影响鲜少被研究。本实验以三种药用植物（积雪草（Bacopa monnieri (L.)）、穿心莲（Andrographis paniculata (Burmf.) Nees）和印度人参（Withaniasomnifera (L.)））为研究对象，在温室中种植于同时被铅和镉污染（两种浓度）的土壤中，部分添加生物炭（添加比例为2%和4%），部分不添加。对这三种药用植物中铅和镉的形态、植物生长参数化、应激酶、光合能力、药理活性成分、养分含量、金属吸收和转运、抗氧化活性以及代谢物含量进行了检测。三种药用植物中铅和镉的累积量分别在3.25 - 228 mg/kg和1.29 - 20.2 mg/kg之间，而经过生物炭处理后，其含量分别降至0.08 - 18 mg/kg和0.03 - 6.05 mg/kg。与对照组相比，生长在铅镉共污染土壤中的植物生物量减少（5% - 50%，因植物种类而异），且对光合特性和蛋白质含量产生有害影响。然而，添加生物炭显著提高了植物生物量（21% - 175%），以及光合作用特性、叶绿素和蛋白质含量。在铅镉共污染土壤中添加生物炭显著降低了食用这些生长在富含金属土壤上的草药所估计的健康危害商（HQ）。生物炭处理后还观察到次生代谢物含量和抗氧化性能有所增强。在铅镉共污染土壤中添加生物炭的这些多重有益效果表明，生物炭改良是一种安全种植药用植物的可持续方法。本文受版权保护。保留所有权利。
