School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
Wheat Initiative, Julius-Kühn-Institute, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
Theor Appl Genet. 2021 Jun;134(6):1753-1769. doi: 10.1007/s00122-021-03795-1. Epub 2021 Mar 14.
Many approaches have been adopted to enhance the heat and drought tolerance of wheat with mixed success. An assessment of the relative merits of different strategies is presented. Wheat is the most widely grown crop globally and plays a key role in human nutrition. However, it is grown in environments that are prone to heat and drought stress, resulting in severely reduced yield in some seasons. Increased climate variability is expected to have a particularly adverse effect of wheat production. Breeding for stable yield across both good and bad seasons while maintaining high yield under optimal conditions is a high priority for most wheat breeding programs and has been a focus of research activities. Multiple strategies have been explored to enhance the heat and drought tolerance of wheat including extensive genetic analysis and modify the expression of genes involved in stress responses, targeting specific physiological traits and direct selection under a range of stress scenarios. These approaches have been combined with improvements in phenotyping, the development of genetic and genomic resources, and extended screening and analysis techniques. The results have greatly expanded our knowledge and understanding of the factors that influence yield under stress, but not all have delivered the hoped-for progress. Here, we provide an overview of the different strategies and an assessment of the most promising approaches.
许多方法已被采用以提高小麦的耐热耐旱性，但取得的效果参差不齐。本文对不同策略的相对优点进行了评估。小麦是全球种植最广泛的作物，对人类营养起着关键作用。然而，它生长在易受热旱胁迫的环境中，导致某些季节的产量严重下降。气候变异性增加预计将对小麦生产产生特别不利的影响。因此，在保持最佳条件下高产的同时，培育在好季节和坏季节都具有稳定产量的品种，是大多数小麦育种种质改良计划的重中之重，也是研究活动的重点。已经探索了多种策略来提高小麦的耐热耐旱性，包括广泛的遗传分析和修饰与应激反应相关的基因表达，针对特定的生理性状，并在一系列胁迫情况下进行直接选择。这些方法与表型分析的改进、遗传和基因组资源的开发以及广泛的筛选和分析技术相结合。这些结果极大地扩展了我们对影响胁迫下产量的因素的认识和理解，但并非所有方法都取得了预期的进展。在这里，我们对不同的策略进行了概述，并对最有前途的方法进行了评估。
