Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(22):5983-6004. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895061. Epub 2021 Mar 10.
According to outcomes from clinical studies, an intricate relationship occurs between the beneficial microbiota, gut homeostasis, and the host's health status. Numerous studies have confirmed the health-promoting effects of probiotics, particularly in gastrointestinal diseases. On the other hand, the safety issues regarding the consumption of some probiotics are still a matter of debate, thus to overcome the problems related to the application of live probiotic cells in terms of clinical, technological, and economic aspects, microbial-derived biomolecules (postbiotics) were introducing as a potential alternative agent. Presently scientific literature confirms that the postbiotic components can be used as promising tools for both prevention and treatment strategies in gastrointestinal disorders with less undesirable side-effects, particularly in infants and children. Future head-to-head trials are required to distinguish appropriate strains of parent cells, optimal dosages of postbiotics, and assessment of the cost-effectiveness of postbiotics compared to alternative drugs. This review provides an overview of the concept and safety issues regarding postbiotics, with emphasis on their biological role in the treatment of some important gastrointestinal disorders.
根据临床研究结果，有益微生物群、肠道内稳态和宿主健康状况之间存在着复杂的关系。大量研究证实了益生菌的健康促进作用，特别是在胃肠道疾病方面。另一方面，一些益生菌的安全性问题仍存在争议，因此，为了克服与临床、技术和经济方面应用活益生菌细胞相关的问题，微生物衍生的生物分子（后生元）被作为一种潜在的替代物引入。目前的科学文献证实，后生元成分可用作胃肠道疾病预防和治疗策略的有前途的工具，其副作用较小，特别是在婴儿和儿童中。需要进行头对头试验来区分亲本细胞的适当菌株、后生元的最佳剂量以及后生元与替代药物相比的成本效益评估。本综述概述了后生元的概念和安全性问题，重点介绍了它们在治疗一些重要胃肠道疾病中的生物学作用。
