Gallegos Julian V, Boege Hedda L, Zuraikat Faris M, St-Onge Marie-Pierre
Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.
Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.
Curr Opin Endocr Metab Res. 2021 Apr;17:20-25. doi: 10.1016/j.coemr.2020.10.006. Epub 2020 Nov 4.
Sleep curtailment and circadian misalignment disrupt energy sensing and eating behaviors, which can contribute to weight gain and obesity-related comorbidities. Herein, we review the effects of experimental manipulations of sleep duration and circadian alignment on circulating concentrations of appetite hormones, specifically leptin and ghrelin. Further, we focus on sex differences in hormonal and behavioral responses related to food intake. The studies reviewed suggest potential sex-specific effects of sleep curtailment on key hormones involved in the gut-brain axis, presumably leading to downstream effects on neural processes involved in food seeking and consumption behaviors. However, there is insufficient evidence to declare any sex-specific effects of circadian misalignment on appetite regulation. More research is needed to elucidate the complex sex-specific relationships between sleep, circadian rhythms, energy homeostasis, and appetite regulating mechanisms. Greater knowledge of these mechanisms would aid in the development of targeted methods to mitigate risk for obesity and related metabolic diseases.
睡眠减少和昼夜节律失调会扰乱能量感知和饮食行为，这可能导致体重增加以及与肥胖相关的合并症。在此，我们综述了睡眠时长和昼夜节律调整的实验性操作对食欲激素（特别是瘦素和胃饥饿素）循环浓度的影响。此外，我们关注与食物摄入相关的激素和行为反应中的性别差异。所综述的研究表明，睡眠减少对参与肠-脑轴的关键激素可能存在性别特异性影响，大概会对涉及觅食和进食行为的神经过程产生下游效应。然而，尚无足够证据表明昼夜节律失调对食欲调节存在任何性别特异性影响。需要更多研究来阐明睡眠、昼夜节律、能量稳态和食欲调节机制之间复杂的性别特异性关系。对这些机制有更深入的了解将有助于开发有针对性的方法来降低肥胖及相关代谢疾病的风险。
