Muzi Stefania, Pace Cecilia Serena
Department of Educational Sciences (DISFOR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Centro Italiano Aiuti all'Infanzia (CIAI).
Attach Hum Dev. 2022 Apr;24(2):169-188. doi: 10.1080/14616734.2021.1899386. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
In this study, 117 adolescents (12-19 years) from three groups (39 each), two groups from adverse caregiving environments as placed in residential-care (RC; i.e. istitutions) or late-adopted (LA; i.e. adopted after 12 months), and one of low-risk community adolescents (COM), were compared for the attachment distribution of categories in the Friends and Family Interview (FFI), and in several attachment-related domains where RC and LA showed difficulties during childhood. Only institutionalized adolescents showed more insecure and disorganized categories than both late-adopted and community peers, who did not differ. In the attachment-related domains, only RCs showed lower coherence, reflective functioning, secure-base/safe-haven parents, social and school competence, adaptive response, and more parental anger and derogation than the other two groups. Late-adoptees only showed higher hostility towards sibling(s) than COM.Therefore, only residential-care adolescents were at "high-risk" in attachment, but the analysis of attachment-related domains helped to detect vulnerabilities in both groups.
在本研究中，对来自三组（每组39人）的117名青少年（12 - 19岁）进行了比较。其中两组处于不良照料环境，分别是入住寄宿照料机构（RC，即机构照料）或大龄收养（LA，即12个月后收养），另一组是低风险的社区青少年（COM）。比较内容为在朋友和家人访谈（FFI）中依恋类别分布，以及在一些与依恋相关的领域，在这些领域中，RC组和LA组在童年时期存在困难。只有机构照料的青少年比大龄收养青少年和社区同龄人表现出更多不安全和混乱的依恋类别，而后两者之间没有差异。在与依恋相关的领域中，只有RC组比其他两组表现出更低的连贯性、反思功能、安全基地/避风港型父母、社交和学校能力、适应性反应，以及更多父母的愤怒和贬低。大龄收养青少年仅比COM组表现出对兄弟姐妹更高的敌意。因此，只有机构照料的青少年在依恋方面处于“高风险”，但对与依恋相关领域的分析有助于发现两组中的脆弱性。
