Kryukov A I, Bondareva G P, Severova E E, Nguyen T F, Nguyen K H
L.I. Sverzhevskiy Research and Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia.
N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(1):51-57. doi: 10.17116/otorino20218601151.
Recently, there has been an increase in the number of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and the number of publications devoted to this problem is increasing. The main etiological factors of AR are pollen of trees, meadow and weeds, as well as mold spores, household allergens and epidermis of animals. Epidemiological studies have found that the prevalence and structure of AR are influenced by regional characteristics, such as the climatic and geographical and social characteristics of the region, and successively therapeutic and preventive algorithms in AR are also different.
To examine the phenotype of the incidence of AR in connection with the characteristics of aeroallergens under the influence of climatic and geographical conditions in northern Vietnam, to make a new contribution to knowledge about AR in Asia and to increase the effect of treatment and prevention in this territory.
The study was conducted in the period from 06.2018 to 09.2018 on the basis of the ENT department of Thainguyen Central Hospital, Vietnam. A total of 556 patients with pathology of ENT organs aged 18 to 70 years were examined, 158 cases of chronic rhinitis were revealed. Among data from 158 patients, 64 patients were diagnosed with AR. We used otorhinolaryngological examination, a standard specific allergological examination and carried out aeropolyneological research in the city of the northern Vietnam, from 06.2018 to 06.2019.
The aerobiological spectrum is dominated by pollen from the families Moraceae, Urticaceae, Poaceae, Acacia, Artemisia, fern spores and fungal spores from the genus Alternaria. Among patients with chronic rhinitis, 40% were diagnosed with AR, 98.44% of them year-round or perennial AR, with predominant sensitization to house dust mites and molds, much more often to plant pollen. Among 9 (14.06%) patients diagnosed with a polyp of the nasal cavity, 6 (9.37%) patients had increased levels of specific IgE in the blood to a mixture of molds. Sensitization in patients with AR with hypertrophy of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity is predominant on house dust.
Predominantly, AR in northern Vietnam was year-round. Especially the connection between the formation of a polyp of the nasal cavity and hypersensitivity to fungal spores has been indicated, which may also indicate the role of social factors in further recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of AR in patients living in North Vietnam.
最近，过敏性鼻炎（AR）患者数量有所增加，致力于该问题的出版物数量也在增加。AR的主要病因是树木、草地和杂草的花粉，以及霉菌孢子、家庭过敏原和动物表皮。流行病学研究发现，AR的患病率和结构受区域特征影响，如该地区的气候、地理和社会特征，并且AR的治疗和预防算法也相应不同。
结合越南北方气候和地理条件影响下的气传过敏原特征，研究AR发病率的表型，为亚洲地区AR相关知识做出新贡献，并提高该地区的治疗和预防效果。
该研究于2018年6月至2018年9月在越南太原中心医院耳鼻喉科进行。共检查了556例年龄在18至70岁的耳鼻喉器官疾病患者，发现158例慢性鼻炎患者。在158例患者的数据中，64例被诊断为AR。我们于2018年6月至2019年6月在越南北方城市进行了耳鼻喉科检查、标准特异性变应性检查和气传花粉学研究。
气传生物学谱以桑科、荨麻科、禾本科、金合欢属、蒿属的花粉、蕨类孢子和链格孢属的真菌孢子为主。在慢性鼻炎患者中，40%被诊断为AR，其中98.44%为常年性或全年性AR，主要对屋尘螨和霉菌致敏，对植物花粉致敏更为常见。在9例（14.06%）被诊断为鼻腔息肉的患者中，6例（9.37%）患者血液中针对混合霉菌的特异性IgE水平升高。鼻腔黏膜肥大的AR患者主要对屋尘致敏。
越南北方的AR主要为全年性。特别指出了鼻腔息肉形成与对真菌孢子过敏之间的联系，这也可能表明社会因素在越南北方患者AR诊断、治疗和预防的进一步建议中的作用。
