Section of Immunology and Allergy Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
Section of Immunology and Allergy Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
Turk J Med Sci. 2020 Apr 9;50(2):330-336. doi: 10.3906/sag-1908-139.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma are the most common allergic disorders worldwide. Aeroallergens are critical causative factors in the pathogenesis of these disorders and sensitization to aeroallergens differs in various countries and regions. Identification of the most common aeroallergen sensitization is crucial in the diagnosis and management of AR and asthma. We examined the distribution of aeroallergen sensitizations detected by skin prick tests (SPTs) in adult patients with AR and/or asthma in the city of Bursa.
Five hundred forty-five patients who underwent a SPT and were diagnosed with rhinitis and/or asthma in the Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine’s Department of Immunology and Allergic Diseases Outpatient Clinic from March 2018 to August 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. SPTs with standard extracts including house dust mites, pollens, molds, animal dander, and latex were performed for patients.
A total of 545 patients were included and most of the patients (270; 49.5%) were between 30 and 49 years of age. The prevalence of atopy was 57.9%. The most common aeroallergens detected in SPTs were Dermatophagoides farinae (50%) and D. pteronyssinus (44%), followed by grass-rye mix (43%), grass mix (38.6%), olive (33.2%), and wheat (32.3%). The sensitization to olive pollen was higher in cases of mild asthma (52%), while sensitization to D. farinae was higher in patients with mild and moderate asthma (54.5%, 54.2%) (P < 0.05) .
Our study revealed that house dust mite was the most common sensitizing aeroallergen in patients with AR and asthma while pollens were the most common allergen in patients with only AR. The sensitization to grass and olive pollen was higher in cases of mild asthma than moderate and severe. Regional allergy panels may provide important clinical clues for characteristics and courses of allergic diseases.
背景/目的：变应性鼻炎（AR）和哮喘是全球最常见的过敏性疾病。气传过敏原是这些疾病发病机制中的关键致病因素，并且在不同国家和地区对气传过敏原的致敏情况有所不同。鉴定最常见的气传过敏原致敏情况对于 AR 和哮喘的诊断和管理至关重要。我们研究了布尔萨市 AR 和/或哮喘成年患者通过皮肤点刺试验（SPT）检测到的气传过敏原致敏情况的分布。
2018 年 3 月至 2018 年 8 月，我们回顾性评估了在乌鲁达大学医学院免疫学和过敏性疾病门诊接受 SPT 并被诊断为鼻炎和/或哮喘的 545 名患者。对患者进行了包括屋尘螨、花粉、霉菌、动物皮屑和乳胶在内的标准提取物的 SPT。
共纳入 545 例患者，其中大多数患者（270 例；49.5%）年龄在 30 至 49 岁之间。特应性的患病率为 57.9%。SPT 检测到的最常见气传过敏原是屋尘螨（50%）和户尘螨（44%），其次是草-黑麦混合（43%）、草混合（38.6%）、橄榄（33.2%）和小麦（32.3%）。轻度哮喘患者对橄榄花粉的致敏率较高（52%），而轻度和中度哮喘患者对屋尘螨的致敏率较高（54.5%，54.2%）（P<0.05）。
我们的研究表明，屋尘螨是 AR 和哮喘患者中最常见的致敏气传过敏原，而花粉是仅患有 AR 的患者中最常见的过敏原。轻度哮喘患者对草和橄榄花粉的致敏率高于中重度哮喘患者。区域性过敏面板可为过敏性疾病的特征和病程提供重要的临床线索。
