Evidence-Based Management of Depression in Palliative Care: A Systematic Review.

Depression can be quite common in the palliative care population. The estimated prevalence ranges from 24% to 70%. Depression in this population leads to a decreased quality of life and may lead to a desire for an earlier death. We conducted a systematic review to establish a better understanding of the available treatment interventions, both pharmacological and nonpharmacological specific to the palliative population. PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched using the MeSH terms: Palliative Care, Palliative Medicine, Terminal Illness, End of Life Care, and Depression or Depressive Disorder, as well as the keywords palliative care, care palliative, and depression. We considered all published peer-reviewed articles written in English and pertaining to humans. Articles were hand searched from citations. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used for study quality appraisal. Thirty-nine eligible articles were found; 29 articles examined nonpharmacological options, while 10 focused on pharmacological options. The 29 articles discussing nonpharmacological methods discussed 22 interventions. Of the 22 interventions, 10 showed therapeutic benefit. Of the 10 studies focusing on pharmacological interventions, seven showed therapeutic benefit. This is the first systematic review that examined both nonpharmacological and pharmacological methods to treat depression in the palliative setting. There is evidence to indicate that methylphenidate and antidepressants can provide a therapeutic benefit for palliative care patients with depressive symptoms. This benefit may be enhanced when these medications are used in combination. The use of music therapy or future-focused psychotherapy may also be beneficial in the treatment of depression.