Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Respir Med. 2021 Apr-May;180:106355. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106355. Epub 2021 Mar 6.
Non-pharmacological interventions and tracing-testing strategy proved insufficient to reduce SARS-CoV-2 spreading worldwide. Several vaccines with different mechanisms of action are currently under development. This review describes the potential target antigens evaluated for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in the context of both conventional and next-generation platforms. We reported experimental data from phase-3 trials with a focus on different definitions of efficacy as well as factors affecting real-life effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, including logistical issues associated to vaccine availability, delivery, and immunization strategies. On this background, new variants of SARS-CoV-2 are discussed. We also provided a critical view on vaccination in special populations at higher risk of infection or severe disease as elderly people, pregnant women and immunocompromised patients. A final paragraph addresses safety on the light of the unprecedented reduction of length of the vaccine development process and faster authorization.
非药物干预和追踪-检测策略被证明不足以减少 SARS-CoV-2 在全球范围内的传播。目前正在开发几种具有不同作用机制的疫苗。本综述描述了在传统和下一代平台背景下，针对 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗评估的潜在目标抗原。我们报告了 3 期试验的实验数据，重点关注不同的疗效定义以及影响 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种实际效果的因素，包括与疫苗供应、交付和免疫策略相关的后勤问题。在此背景下，讨论了 SARS-CoV-2 的新变体。我们还对感染或重病风险较高的特殊人群（如老年人、孕妇和免疫功能低下的患者）的疫苗接种提出了批判性观点。最后一段根据疫苗开发过程的前所未有的缩短和更快的授权，对安全性进行了讨论。
