Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Development. 2021 Mar 15;148(6):dev189217. doi: 10.1242/dev.189217.
The peri-implantation window of mammalian development is the crucial window for primordial germ cell (PGC) specification. Whereas pre-implantation dynamics are relatively conserved between species, the implantation window marks a stage of developmental divergence between key model organisms, and thus potential variance in the cell and molecular mechanisms for PGC specification. In humans, PGC specification is very difficult to study To address this, the combined use of human and nonhuman primate embryos, and stem cell-based embryo models are essential for determining the origin of PGCs, as are comparative analyses to the equivalent stages of mouse development. Understanding the origin of PGCs in the peri-implantation embryo is crucial not only for accurate modeling of this essential process using stem cells, but also in determining the role of global epigenetic reprogramming upon which sex-specific differentiation into gametes relies.
哺乳动物胚胎着床窗口期是原始生殖细胞 (PGC) 特化的关键窗口。虽然着床前的动态在物种间相对保守，但着床窗口期标志着关键模式生物之间发育分歧的一个阶段，因此在 PGC 特化的细胞和分子机制方面可能存在差异。在人类中，PGC 特化非常难以研究。为了解决这个问题，人类和非人类灵长类动物胚胎的联合使用以及基于干细胞的胚胎模型对于确定 PGC 的起源至关重要，与小鼠发育的等效阶段进行比较分析也是如此。了解着床期胚胎中 PGC 的起源不仅对于使用干细胞准确模拟这个重要过程至关重要，而且对于确定全球表观遗传重编程在性别特异性分化为配子所依赖的作用也至关重要。
