Kiernan Sinéad, Mockler David, Ní Cheallaigh Clíona, Broderick Julie
Discipline of Physiotherapy, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Department of Physiotherapy, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
HRB Open Res. 2021 Mar 1;3:14. doi: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13011.2. eCollection 2020.
Adults who are experiencing homelessness suffer higher levels of premature mortality and age-related medical conditions compared to the general population, but little is known about physical factors that influence their health experience. The aim of this scoping review was to evaluate what is known about physical functional limitations and physical activity levels and how they are measured in adults experiencing homelessness. This review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology for scoping reviews. Suitable quantitative and qualitative articles were searched using PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychInfo, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases using a combination of keywords and a gray literature search was performed. Two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion. Inclusion criteria were studies that examined physical functional limitations and/or physical activity among homeless adults (with/without co-occurring mental illness, infectious disease, substance use disorder), as a primary or secondary outcome measure. We identified 15 studies for inclusion including 2,018 participants. Studies were primarily quantitative (n=13) and there were 2 qualitative studies. The following outcomes related to physical functioning were reported; mobility levels (n=3), frailty (n=1), flexibility (n=2), strength (n=1), physical symptom burden (n=3), and exercise capacity (n=3). Eight studies reported outcomes related to physical activity. The majority of studies reported high levels of functional limitations among participants and low physical activity levels although a spectrum of abilities was noted. This review showed that many adults who are homeless appear to show a high burden of physical functional limitations and low physical activity levels but more objective and consistent measures should be applied to examine these factors in future studies. This will help address and plan future care, physical rehabilitation and housing needs for this vulnerable cohort. This scoping review will help direct research and future systematic reviews in this emerging area.
与普通人群相比，无家可归的成年人过早死亡率和与年龄相关的医疗状况更高，但对于影响他们健康状况的身体因素却知之甚少。本综述的目的是评估关于身体功能限制和身体活动水平的已知情况，以及它们在无家可归的成年人中是如何测量的。本综述是按照乔安娜·布里格斯研究所的综述方法进行的。使用关键词组合在PubMed、CINAHL、EMBASE、PsychInfo、科学网和SCOPUS数据库中搜索合适的定量和定性文章，并进行了灰色文献搜索。两名评审员独立筛选文章以确定是否纳入。纳入标准是将检查无家可归成年人（有/无并发精神疾病、传染病、物质使用障碍）的身体功能限制和/或身体活动作为主要或次要结局指标的研究。我们确定了15项纳入研究，包括2018名参与者。研究主要是定量研究（n = 13），有2项定性研究。报告了以下与身体功能相关的结局：活动能力水平（n = 3）、虚弱（n = 1）、灵活性（n = 2）、力量（n = 1）、身体症状负担（n = 3）和运动能力（n = 3）。八项研究报告了与身体活动相关的结局。大多数研究报告参与者的功能限制水平较高且身体活动水平较低，尽管也注意到了一系列不同的能力。本综述表明，许多无家可归的成年人似乎身体功能限制负担较重且身体活动水平较低，但未来研究应采用更客观和一致的测量方法来检查这些因素。这将有助于满足并规划这一弱势群体未来的护理、身体康复和住房需求。本综述将有助于指导这一新兴领域的研究和未来的系统评价。
