Rota Marie
J Int Bioethique Ethique Sci. 2021 Feb;31(4):41-55. doi: 10.3917/jibes.314.0041.
This contribution analyses the way in which the European and Inter-American Courts of Human Rights handle the concept of Human Dignity in cases that present bioethical stakes. As they do not comprehend it in the same way – ‘Dignity-Freedom’ on the one hand, ‘Dignity-Equality’ on the other – it implies differences of solutions in areas such as the definition of the human person, the right to personal autonomy, the right to health or even the right to a healthy environment. This comparative analysis also allows us to grasp better the limits that a too liberal reading of human rights can represent and to propose some means of improvement. That would involve a review of the equal dignity of human beings by the European Court, thanks to different tools that can be put into action without the Court’s being forced to reconsider the theoretical basis on which its whole system is founded.
本论文分析了欧洲人权法院和美洲人权法院在涉及生物伦理问题的案件中处理人类尊严概念的方式。由于它们对人类尊严的理解方式不同——一方面是“尊严-自由”，另一方面是“尊严-平等”——这意味着在诸如人的定义、个人自主权、健康权乃至健康环境权等领域会有不同的解决方案。这种比较分析还使我们能够更好地理解对人权过于宽泛的解读可能带来的局限，并提出一些改进方法。这将涉及欧洲人权法院借助不同手段对人类平等尊严进行审视，这些手段可以付诸实践，而无需该法院被迫重新考虑其整个体系所基于的理论基础。
