Santos Fernanda Borba Dos, Schneider Bruna Celestino, Valença Marina Soares, Peter Nathalia Brandão, Muniz Ludmila Correa
Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição e Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2021 Mar 12;37(2):e00241119. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00241119. eCollection 2021.
The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and factors associated with their accumulation in adolescents from the rural area of a municipality in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional school-based census-type study with a sample of 515 sixth to nineth-grade schoolchildren in 21 rural public schools in Pelotas. The target behavioral risk factors were: physical inactivity; irregular consumption of fruits, vegetables, and greens; initiation to alcohol consumption and smoking; and addition of salt to foods. The study outcome was the cluster score of behavioral risk factors, varying from 0 to 3: no behavioral risk factors for CVD or exposure to 1, 2, or ≥ 3 behavioral risk factors. Ordinal logistic regression was performed to assess the effect adjusted for individual characteristics on the accumulation of behavioral risk factors, using as the reference category individuals without any risk factor. Physical inactivity was the most prevalent risk factor (74.8%), followed by irregular consumption of fruits, vegetables, and greens (56.2%). Approximately 42% of the adolescents presented two behavioral risk factors, the most prevalent combination of which was physical inactivity and irregular consumption of fruits, vegetables, and greens (23%). The odds of accumulating two or more behavioral risk factors increased with age. The presence and simultaneity of behavioral risk factors is quite high among adolescents from the rural area of Pelotas, showing that they are exposed to the development of CVD. Interventions are needed to prevent the simultaneous occurrence of these risk factors.
该研究旨在估算巴西南里奥格兰德州佩洛塔斯市一个市镇农村地区青少年心血管疾病行为危险因素的患病率及其聚集相关因素。这是一项基于学校的横断面普查式研究，样本为佩洛塔斯市21所农村公立学校的515名六至九年级学童。目标行为危险因素包括：身体活动不足；水果、蔬菜和绿叶菜摄入不规律；开始饮酒和吸烟；以及在食物中加盐。研究结果是行为危险因素的聚类评分，范围从0到3：无心血管疾病行为危险因素或暴露于1个、2个或≥3个行为危险因素。采用序贯逻辑回归评估个体特征调整后对行为危险因素聚集的影响，以无任何危险因素的个体作为参照类别。身体活动不足是最普遍的危险因素（74.8%），其次是水果、蔬菜和绿叶菜摄入不规律（56.2%）。约42%的青少年存在两种行为危险因素，最常见的组合是身体活动不足和水果、蔬菜和绿叶菜摄入不规律（23%）。累积两种或更多行为危险因素的几率随年龄增加。在佩洛塔斯农村地区的青少年中，行为危险因素的存在和同时出现情况相当高，表明他们面临心血管疾病发展的风险。需要采取干预措施来预防这些危险因素的同时出现。
