Graduate Program in Nursing, Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena, 190, Bairro Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil.
BMC Pediatr. 2024 Feb 15;24(1):122. doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-04601-9.
Health risk behaviors often emerge or intensify during adolescence and tend to co-occur, exposing individuals to an even greater risk for the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The likelihood of exhibiting multiple health risk factors also increases throughout life and is associated with sociodemographic characteristics contributing to their escalation and severity. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze the association between sociodemographic characteristics and multiple behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases among the adolescent population in Brazil.
This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Brazilian National Survey of School Health 2019. The sample comprised 121,580 adolescents aged 13 to 17. The analyzed variables included irregular intake of fruits and vegetables, regular consumption of soft drinks and treats, insufficient physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. To analyze MBRFs, a classification ranging from zero to five was created, and associations were estimated using Odds Ratio (OR) with the respective 95% confidence interval (CI). The Backward method was employed for the multivariate regression model, utilizing ordinal logistic regression.
Adolescents without behavioral risk factors for NCDs constituted only 3.9% (95% CI 3.7-4.1). The most prevalent categories were two and three MBRFs, accounting for 28.3% (95% CI: 27.7-28.8) and 27.0% (95% CI: 26.5-27.5), respectively. Adolescents aged 16 and 17 (ORadj: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.32-1.48), residing in the Brazilian Southeast (ORadj: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.52-1.81), and those reporting poor or very poor self-rated health (ORadj: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.87-2.25) were more likely to exhibit multiple behavioral risk factors. Conversely, male adolescents (adjusted OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.62-0.69), those of mixed race (adjusted OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87-0.97), and residents of rural areas (adjusted OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.70-0.84) were less likely to manifest MBRFs for NCDs.
The majority of adolescents displayed MBRFs for NCDs, positively associated with age, region, and perceived health status. This underscores the necessity for healthcare promotional interventions throughout the life cycle, as these behaviors may persist into adulthood.
健康风险行为通常在青少年时期出现或加剧，并且往往同时发生，使个人面临更大的非传染性疾病（NCD）发展风险。一生中表现出多种健康风险因素的可能性也会增加，并与导致其升级和严重程度的社会人口特征有关。在这种情况下，本研究的目的是分析巴西青少年人群中社会人口特征与多种非传染性疾病行为风险因素之间的关联。
本横断面研究使用了 2019 年巴西全国学校卫生调查的数据。样本包括 121580 名 13 至 17 岁的青少年。分析的变量包括不规则摄入水果和蔬菜、定期饮用软饮料和甜食、身体活动不足、久坐不动的生活方式、吸烟和饮酒。为了分析 MBRFs，创建了一个从 0 到 5 的分类，并使用优势比（OR）及其相应的 95%置信区间（CI）来估计关联。多元回归模型采用向后法，使用有序逻辑回归。
没有 NCD 行为风险因素的青少年仅占 3.9%（95%CI 3.7-4.1）。最常见的类别是两个和三个 MBRFs，分别占 28.3%（95%CI：27.7-28.8）和 27.0%（95%CI：26.5-27.5）。16 岁和 17 岁的青少年（调整后的 OR：1.39；95%CI：1.32-1.48）、居住在巴西东南部（调整后的 OR：1.66；95%CI：1.52-1.81）以及自我报告健康状况较差或非常差的青少年（调整后的 OR：2.05；95%CI：1.87-2.25）更有可能表现出多种行为风险因素。相反，男性青少年（调整后的 OR：0.65；95%CI：0.62-0.69）、混血儿（调整后的 OR：0.92；95%CI：0.87-0.97）和农村地区居民（调整后的 OR：0.76；95%CI：0.70-0.84）表现出 MBRFs 用于 NCD 的可能性较小。
大多数青少年表现出 NCD 的 MBRFs，与年龄、地区和感知健康状况呈正相关。这强调了在整个生命周期中需要进行医疗保健促进干预的必要性，因为这些行为可能会持续到成年期。
