Norris D A, Kissinger R M, Naughton G M, Bystryn J C
Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver 80262.
J Invest Dermatol. 1988 Jun;90(6):783-9. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12461505.
Human vitiligo is a common depigmenting disorder that is often associated with polyendocrinopathies. The etiology of vitiligo is unknown although there is indirect evidence of a strong association between antimelanocyte antibodies in animal and human vitiligo. We report direct evidence that vitiligo patients' sera containing antimelanocyte antibodies can lyse cultured human melanocytes by both complement activation and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Melanocyte cytotoxicity was measured using an ethidium bromide/acridine orange viability assay, after 4 and 16 h incubation with sera from vitiligo patients and from normal controls. Significant melanocyte cytotoxicity was seen with vitiligo patients' sera as an antibody source with both complement-mediated cytotoxicity (p less than 0.01) and ADCC (p less than 0.05) as effector mechanisms. Nine of 11 vitiligo patients' sera produced cytotoxicity by complement-mediated lysis or ADCC. No cytotoxicity was seen using fibroblast targets and vitiligo patients' sera. The lysis of human melanocytes by vitiligo patients' sera by two different effector mechanisms provides direct support for the autoimmune hypothesis of human vitiligo.
人类白癜风是一种常见的色素脱失性疾病，常与多种内分泌病相关。白癜风的病因尚不清楚，尽管有间接证据表明动物和人类白癜风中的抗黑素细胞抗体之间存在密切关联。我们报告了直接证据，即含有抗黑素细胞抗体的白癜风患者血清可通过补体激活和抗体依赖性细胞毒性（ADCC）溶解培养的人类黑素细胞。在用白癜风患者和正常对照者的血清孵育4小时和16小时后，使用溴化乙锭/吖啶橙活力测定法测量黑素细胞的细胞毒性。以白癜风患者的血清作为抗体来源，通过补体介导的细胞毒性（p小于0.01）和ADCC（p小于0.05）作为效应机制，可以观察到显著的黑素细胞细胞毒性。11例白癜风患者的血清中有9例通过补体介导的溶解或ADCC产生细胞毒性。使用成纤维细胞靶标和白癜风患者的血清未观察到细胞毒性。白癜风患者血清通过两种不同的效应机制溶解人类黑素细胞，为人类白癜风的自身免疫假说提供了直接支持。
