Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
Plant Breeding Department, The University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
Theor Appl Genet. 2021 Jun;134(6):1711-1728. doi: 10.1007/s00122-021-03793-3. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
Climate change will have major impacts on crop production: not just increasing drought and heat stress, but also increasing insect and disease loads and the chance of extreme weather events and further adverse conditions. Often, wild relatives show increased tolerances to biotic and abiotic stresses, due to reduced stringency of selection for yield and yield-related traits under optimum conditions. One possible strategy to improve resilience in our modern-day crop cultivars is to utilize wild relative germplasm in breeding, and attempt to introgress genetic factors contributing to greater environmental tolerances from these wild relatives into elite crop types. However, this approach can be difficult, as it relies on factors such as ease of hybridization and genetic distance between the source and target, crossover frequencies and distributions in the hybrid, and ability to select for desirable introgressions while minimizing linkage drag. In this review, we outline the possible effects that climate change may have on crop production, introduce the Brassica crop species and their wild relatives, and provide an index of useful traits that are known to be present in each of these species that may be exploitable through interspecific hybridization-based approaches. Subsequently, we outline how introgression breeding works, what factors affect the success of this approach, and how this approach can be optimized so as to increase the chance of recovering the desired introgression lines. Our review provides a working guide to the use of wild relatives and related crop germplasm to improve biotic and abiotic resistances in Brassica crop species.
不仅会增加干旱和热应激，还会增加昆虫和疾病负担，以及极端天气事件和进一步不利条件的发生几率。通常情况下，由于在最适条件下对产量和产量相关性状的选择严格性降低，野生近缘种对生物和非生物胁迫表现出更高的耐受性。提高现代作物品种适应能力的一种可能策略是在育种中利用野生近缘种的种质资源，并尝试将这些野生近缘种中有助于提高环境耐受性的遗传因子导入到优良作物类型中。然而，这种方法可能很困难，因为它依赖于杂交的难易程度、来源和目标之间的遗传距离、杂种中的交叉频率和分布，以及在最小化连锁累赘的同时选择所需渐渗的能力等因素。在这篇综述中，我们概述了气候变化可能对作物生产产生的影响，介绍了芸薹属作物及其野生近缘种，并提供了一个有用的特征索引，这些特征已知存在于这些物种中，可以通过种间杂交为基础的方法加以利用。随后，我们概述了渐渗育种的工作原理、影响该方法成功的因素以及如何优化该方法，以增加恢复所需渐渗系的机会。我们的综述为利用野生近缘种和相关作物种质资源来提高芸薹属作物的生物和非生物抗性提供了一份实用指南。
