Kangale Luis Johnson, Raoult Didier, Fournier Pierre-Edouard, Abnave Prasad, Ghigo Eric
Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.
Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Mar 1;11:619081. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.619081. eCollection 2021.
An organism responds to the invading pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, protozoans, and fungi by engaging innate and adaptive immune system, which functions by activating various signal transduction pathways. As invertebrate organisms (such as sponges, worms, cnidarians, molluscs, crustaceans, insects, and echinoderms) are devoid of an adaptive immune system, and their defense mechanisms solely rely on innate immune system components. Investigating the immune response in such organisms helps to elucidate the immune mechanisms that vertebrates have inherited or evolved from invertebrates. Planarians are non-parasitic invertebrates from the phylum Platyhelminthes and are being investigated for several decades for understanding the whole-body regeneration process. However, recent findings have emerged planarians as a useful model for studying innate immunity as they are resistant to a broad spectrum of bacteria. This review intends to highlight the research findings on various antimicrobial resistance genes, signaling pathways involved in innate immune recognition, immune-related memory and immune cells in planarian flatworms.
生物体通过激活各种信号转导途径，调动固有免疫系统和适应性免疫系统来应对入侵的病原体，如细菌、病毒、原生动物和真菌。由于无脊椎动物（如海绵动物、蠕虫、刺胞动物、软体动物、甲壳类动物、昆虫和棘皮动物）缺乏适应性免疫系统，它们的防御机制完全依赖于固有免疫系统的组成部分。研究此类生物体中的免疫反应有助于阐明脊椎动物从无脊椎动物继承或进化而来的免疫机制。涡虫是扁形动物门的非寄生性无脊椎动物，几十年来一直被用于研究全身再生过程。然而，最近的研究结果表明，涡虫是研究固有免疫的有用模型，因为它们对多种细菌具有抗性。这篇综述旨在突出涡虫中各种抗菌抗性基因、固有免疫识别中涉及的信号通路、免疫相关记忆和免疫细胞的研究发现。
