Metabolic balance of manganese in young men consuming diets containing five levels of dietary manganese.

Five healthy men, ages 19-20, were fed a diet for 105 d to measure manganese balance during consumption of conventional foods. The study was divided into five periods of 21, 21, 38, 11 and 14 d, in which the daily dietary intakes of manganese (Mn) were 2.89, 2.06, 1.21, 3.79 and 2.65 mg, respectively. During the last 7 d of each dietary period, subjects resided in a metabolic unit and fasting blood samples were drawn on two mornings. Feces and urine were collected during the last 6 d and integumental losses were collected during the last 60 h of each period. The mean Mn balances for periods 1-5 were -0.083, -0.018, -0.088, +0.657 and +0.136 mg/d, respectively. Corresponding apparent retentions were -2.90, -0.88, -7.40, +17.33 and +5.12%. The mean sum of endogenous and exogenous losses when intake was theoretically zero was calculated to be 392 micrograms/d. When these total losses were combined with the mean positive retention, the theoretical mean dietary level of Mn required for positive balance for these male subjects was 3.5 mg/d or 50 micrograms/kg.