Eshel Gideon, Baader Gerhard, Kozer Eran
Department of Pediatrics, Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Zerifin, Israel, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Institute for Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Isr Med Assoc J. 2024 Apr;26(4):211-215.
On 7 April 1933, the Nazi Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service was enacted. The law triggered the dismissal of most Jewish medical staff from German universities. A few Jewish professors in Berlin were permitted to continue their academic activity with restrictions. Those professors were gradually dismissed as laws and restrictions were enforced.
To identify the last Jewish medical professors who, despite severe restrictions, continued their academic duties and prepared students for their examinations in Berlin after the summer of 1933.
We reviewed dissertations written by the medical faculty of Berlin from 1933 to 1937 and identified Jewish professors who mentored students during those years.
Thirteen Jewish tutors instructed dissertations for the medical examinations after the Nazi regime seized power. They were employees of different university hospitals, including the Jewish hospitals. We did not identify Aryan students instructed by Jewish professors. The professors were active in different medical disciplines. Half of the reviewed dissertations were in the disciplines of surgery and gynecology. The last Jewish tutors were dismissed in October 1935. However, some of their studies were submitted for examination after that date.
After the Nazi regime seized power, academic activities and medical research by Jewish professors declined but did not stop. However, these professors worked with only Jewish students on their theses. Most dissertations were approved and examined after the Jewish academics were dismissed by the university, in some cases even after they left Germany.
1933年4月7日，纳粹《恢复职业公务员制度法》颁布。该法律引发了德国大学中大多数犹太医护人员被解雇。柏林的一些犹太教授被允许在受限的情况下继续他们的学术活动。随着法律和限制措施的实施，这些教授逐渐被解雇。
确定在1933年夏天之后，尽管受到严格限制，仍继续履行学术职责并指导学生备考的最后一批犹太医学教授。
我们查阅了1933年至1937年柏林医学院撰写的博士论文，并确定了在那些年指导学生的犹太教授。
纳粹政权掌权后，有13名犹太导师指导医学考试的博士论文。他们是不同大学医院的员工，包括犹太医院。我们没有发现由犹太教授指导的非犹太裔学生。这些教授活跃于不同的医学学科。所查阅的博士论文中有一半是外科和妇科领域的。最后一批犹太导师于1935年10月被解雇。然而，他们的一些研究在那之后仍被提交进行考试。
纳粹政权掌权后，犹太教授的学术活动和医学研究有所减少但并未停止。然而，这些教授只与犹太学生合作撰写论文。大多数博士论文在犹太学者被大学解雇后，甚至在他们离开德国后仍被批准并进行审查。
