Bosy-Westphal Anja, Müller Manfred J
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2021 Mar;146(6):389-397. doi: 10.1055/a-1248-5539. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
Today, more than 50 % of adults in Germany are overweight, 20 million people are obese and 10 to 30 % suffer from non-communicable diseases (NCD). Unhealthy dietary patterns contribute to NCD, thus, NCD are at least partly avoidable. During the last decades nutrition research has changed from nutrients to foods identifying healthy food patterns characterizing healthy diets, e. g., Mediterranean diet, DASH diet and/or the New Nordic Diet. Scientifically, these diets have been shown to be effective strategies of primary and secondary prevention of NCD. Based on this evidence prevention of NCD is now urgently needed at the population level. However, effective public health strategies of prevention and health promotion go beyond daily medical practice and require re-thinking of our food system within a greater context of our environment and climate. To become sustainable, strategies and measures of behavior prevention addressing individuals have to be extended to measures against the obesogenic environment and its systemic drivers within our food system. Thus, social and political changes are needed for a better future health of the nation. Physicians may take the leadership to be prepared to add to a whole of society approach of prevention and health promotion.
如今，德国超过50%的成年人超重，2000万人肥胖，10%至30%的人患有非传染性疾病（NCD）。不健康的饮食模式会导致非传染性疾病，因此，非传染性疾病至少在一定程度上是可以避免的。在过去几十年中，营养研究已从营养素转向食物，确定了表征健康饮食的健康食物模式，例如地中海饮食、得舒饮食和/或新北欧饮食。从科学角度来看，这些饮食已被证明是预防非传染性疾病一级和二级预防的有效策略。基于这一证据，现在迫切需要在人群层面预防非传染性疾病。然而，有效的公共卫生预防和健康促进策略超越了日常医疗实践，需要在我们的环境和气候的更大背景下重新思考我们的食物系统。为了实现可持续发展，针对个人的行为预防策略和措施必须扩展到针对我们食物系统中致胖环境及其系统性驱动因素的措施。因此，为了国家未来更好的健康，需要社会和政治变革。医生可以发挥领导作用，准备好为全社会的预防和健康促进方法做出贡献。
