College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 May 15;769:144642. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144642. Epub 2021 Jan 18.
The occurrence of man-made antibiotics in natural environment has aroused attentions from both scientists and publics. However, few studies tracked antibiotics from their production site to the end of disposal environment. Taking the coastal region of Hangzhou Bay as the study area, the fate of 77 antibiotics from 6 categories in two-step wastewater treatment plants (WTPs, i.e. pharmaceutical WTP and integrated WTP) was focused; and the antibiotics in both dissolved and adsorbed phases were investigated simultaneously in this study. The ubiquitous occurrence of antibiotics was observed in the two-step WTPs, with antibiotic concentrations following the order of PWTP (LOQ - 1.0 × 10 ng·L) > IWTP (for industrial wastewater treatment, LOQ - 3.7 × 10 ng·L) > IWTP (for domestic sewage treatment, LOQ - 1.3 × 10 ng·L). And the types of antibiotics detected in excess sludge and suspended particles were in accordance with those in wastewater. Quinolones were invariably dominant in both dissolved and adsorbed fractions. High removal efficiencies (median values >50.0%) were acquired for the dissolved quinolones (except for DFX), tetracyclines, β-lactams, and lincosamides. Anaerobic/anoxic/oxic achieved the highest aqueous removal of antibiotics among the investigated treatment technologies in the three WTPs. PWTP and IWTP removed 9797 and 487 g·d of antibiotics, respectively; and a final effluent with 126.4 g·d of antibiotics was discharged into the effluent-receiving area (ERA) of Hangzhou Bay. Source apportionment analysis demonstrated that the effluents of IWTP and IWTP contributed respectively 39.3% and 8.9% to the total antibiotics in the ERA. The results illustrate quantitatively the antibiotic flows from engineered wastewater systems to natural water environment, on the basis of which the improvements of wastewater treatment technologies and discharge management would be put forward.
人为抗生素在自然环境中的出现引起了科学家和公众的关注。然而，很少有研究追踪抗生素从生产地到最终处置环境的过程。本研究以杭州湾沿海地区为研究区域，重点研究了两类两步式污水处理厂（即制药厂 WTP 和综合 WTP）中 6 类 77 种抗生素的命运；同时，本研究还对溶解相和吸附相中的抗生素进行了同步研究。在两步式 WTP 中观察到抗生素的普遍存在，抗生素浓度的顺序为 PWTP（定量下限-1.0×10ng·L）>IWTP（处理工业废水，定量下限-3.7×10ng·L）>IWTP（处理生活污水，定量下限-1.3×10ng·L）。此外，在剩余污泥和悬浮颗粒中检测到的抗生素类型与废水中的抗生素类型一致。在溶解相和吸附相中，喹诺酮类药物始终占主导地位。对于溶解态的喹诺酮类（DFX 除外）、四环素类、β-内酰胺类和林可酰胺类抗生素，去除效率均较高（中位数>50.0%）。在三个 WTP 中，所研究的处理技术中，厌氧/缺氧/好氧工艺对抗生素的去除效果最好。PWTP 和 IWTP 分别去除了 9797 和 487g·d 的抗生素，最终有 126.4g·d 的抗生素排入杭州湾的受纳水域。源解析分析表明，IWTP 和 IWTP 的出水分别对受纳水域中抗生素总量的贡献为 39.3%和 8.9%。这些结果定量说明了抗生素从工程化废水系统向自然水环境的流动情况，在此基础上，将提出改进废水处理技术和排放管理的建议。
