Han Xuebing, Ding Sujuan, Jiang Hongmei, Liu Gang
College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Mar 2;9:625423. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625423. eCollection 2021.
Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. They are not only responsible for innate immunity, but also participate in the development of intestinal inflammation. A clear understanding of the function of macrophages, as well as their role in pathogens and inflammatory response, will delineate the next steps in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the origin and development of macrophages and their role in the intestinal inflammatory response or infection. In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper.
巨噬细胞是具有功能可塑性的细胞，能够吞噬和消化外来物质，并根据其微环境获得促炎（M1样）或抗炎（M2样）表型。肠道中大量的巨噬细胞在维持肠道黏膜表面微生物的稳态以及肠道上皮细胞的持续更新中发挥着重要作用。它们不仅负责先天免疫，还参与肠道炎症的发展。清楚了解巨噬细胞的功能及其在病原体和炎症反应中的作用，将为肠道炎症性疾病的治疗指明下一步方向。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了巨噬细胞的起源和发育及其在肠道炎症反应或感染中的作用。此外，本文还综述了巨噬细胞在炎症性肠病（IBD）发生发展中的作用，以及它们在诱导纤维化、激活T细胞、减轻结肠炎和治疗肠道炎症中的作用。
