Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China.
Institute of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2021 Apr;78(7):3239-3246. doi: 10.1007/s00018-020-03737-y. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a co-inhibitory receptor that plays important roles in regulating T cell immunity and peripheral tolerance. PD-1 signaling prevents T cells from overactivation during acute infections, but it maintains T cell exhaustion during chronic infections. Tumor cells can exploit the PD-1 signaling pathway to evade antitumor immune responses. The PD-1 signaling pathway is also essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance and prevention of autoimmunity. PD-1 expression is strictly and differentially regulated by diverse mechanisms in immune cells. It is activated and repressed by distinct transcription factors in different circumstances. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms are also involved in regulating PD-1 expression. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of PD-1 expression during different immune responses.
程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1（PD-1）是一种共抑制受体，在调节 T 细胞免疫和外周耐受方面发挥着重要作用。PD-1 信号在急性感染期间阻止 T 细胞过度激活，但在慢性感染期间维持 T 细胞耗竭。肿瘤细胞可以利用 PD-1 信号通路来逃避抗肿瘤免疫反应。PD-1 信号通路对于维持外周耐受和预防自身免疫也很重要。PD-1 的表达在免疫细胞中受到多种机制的严格和差异调控。它在不同情况下被不同的转录因子激活和抑制。此外，表观遗传机制也参与调节 PD-1 的表达。在这篇综述中，我们总结了不同免疫反应中 PD-1 表达的转录和表观遗传调控的知识。
