Department of Economics, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey.
Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Aug;28(29):38563-38572. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13476-7. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
The pollution haven hypo thesis (PHH) postulates that foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows can increase environmental deterioration in developing countries as multinational firms tend to transfer their dirty industries to these countries. Turkey, as a developing economy, has witnessed intense FDI inflows over the last decades. Within this scope, the goal of this paper is to examine whether the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) prevails in Turkey within the scope of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis over the period 1970-2016. To that end, the paper employs unit root and cointegration methods based on the nonlinear smooth transition models. The empirical findings of the paper indicate that both hypotheses are valid in Turkey. The findings also imply that environmental quality in Turkey is negatively related to electricity production from renewable energy sources.
污染避难所假说（PHH）认为，外国直接投资（FDI）流入会加剧发展中国家的环境恶化，因为跨国公司往往会将其污染产业转移到这些国家。土耳其作为一个发展中经济体，在过去几十年中经历了大量的外国直接投资流入。在此背景下，本文旨在检验污染避难所假说（PHH）在土耳其是否成立，即在 1970 年至 2016 年期间是否符合环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）假说。为此，本文采用基于非线性平滑转移模型的单位根和协整方法。本文的实证结果表明，这两个假说在土耳其都成立。研究结果还表明，土耳其的环境质量与可再生能源发电呈负相关。
