[Échinococcose alvéolaire].

Alveolar echinococcosi. Alveolar echinococcosis is a parasitic anthropo-zoonosis which looks like a slow-growing liver cancer. The lesions progressively obstruct hepatic vessels and bile ducts and invade neighboring organs, and it may metastasize to the lung and the brain and possibly all distant organs. Since the 1990s earlier diagnosis by imaging, advances in surgical and less invasive interventions, and prolonged anti-parasitic treatment using albendazole, have totally transformed the prognosis of the disease. However, in Europe, the endemic area has considerably increased, the number of alveolar echinococcosis cases has more than doubled in the previously identified endemic regions, and the disease may now be considered to be an 'opportunistic infection', especially diagnosed in those patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs and biologic agents. Alveolar echinococcosis is currently more and more often diagnosed incidentally, at an early stage of development, and not in the usual 'at risk' regions and populations. This makes differential diagnosis and care management more challenging.