Pinchoff Jessie, Silva Martha, Spielman Kathryn, Hutchinson Paul
Population Council, New York, NY, 10017, USA.
Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Parasit Vectors. 2021 Mar 19;14(1):167. doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04668-8.
In 2015, an outbreak of Zika virus spread across Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Public health programs promoted vector control behaviors, including covering water storage containers with lids. Such approaches disrupt Zika transmission by eliminating the habitats of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which breeds in stagnant water.
A quantitative household survey and observation checklist with trained enumerators were undertaken between August and October 2018 in selected urban/peri-urban USAID implementation communities in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. The survey included questions regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to Zika virus. An accompanying checklist was implemented to observe water storage containers, including for short-term and long-term water use. The characteristics of these containers were tabulated, including the presence of a lid. The lids were examined for key features to determine their potential effectiveness to prevent mosquito breeding: fully covering and sealing the container, not having holes, and not having water on them (potentially creating a secondary breeding site). Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the effectiveness of lid types and characteristics on the presence of larvae.
Overall, in adjusted models, using an effective lid versus no lid was associated with a 94% decrease in odds of larval presence in long-term water storage containers (odds ratio = 0.06; 95% confidence interval [0.029, 0.152]); however, similar impacts were not observed for washbasins in the adjusted models. Models adjusted for household wealth, receiving a visit from a vector control technician, scrubbing the container in the last 7 days, and perception of more mosquitoes around.
Effective lids, if made available and coupled with complementary behavioral messaging, may reduce transmission of Zika and other Aedes mosquito-borne diseases in the LAC region.
2015年，寨卡病毒疫情在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区蔓延。公共卫生项目推广了病媒控制行为，包括给储水容器加盖。此类方法通过消除埃及伊蚊的栖息地来阻断寨卡病毒传播，埃及伊蚊在死水中繁殖。
2018年8月至10月期间，在美国国际开发署在萨尔瓦多、危地马拉和洪都拉斯选定的城市/城郊实施社区，开展了一项由经过培训的调查员进行的定量家庭调查和观察清单。该调查包括有关寨卡病毒的知识、态度和行为的问题。实施了一份配套清单以观察储水容器，包括短期和长期用水的容器。将这些容器的特征制成表格，包括是否有盖子。检查盖子的关键特征以确定其防止蚊子滋生的潜在效果：完全覆盖并密封容器、无孔且无水渍（可能形成次生滋生地）。使用多变量逻辑回归来估计盖子类型和特征对幼虫存在情况的影响。
总体而言，在调整后的模型中，使用有效盖子与不使用盖子相比，长期储水容器中存在幼虫的几率降低了94%（优势比=0.06；95%置信区间[0.029, 0.152]）；然而，在调整后的模型中，洗脸盆未观察到类似影响。模型对家庭财富、接受病媒控制技术人员的访问、在过去7天内擦洗容器以及周围蚊子更多的感知进行了调整。
如果能提供有效盖子并辅之以补充性的行为信息，可能会减少拉丁美洲和加勒比地区寨卡病毒及其他伊蚊传播疾病的传播。
