Morales-Pérez Arcadio, Nava-Aguilera Elizabeth, Balanzar-Martínez Alejandro, Cortés-Guzmán Antonio Juan, Gasga-Salinas David, Rodríguez-Ramos Irma Esther, Meneses-Rentería Alba, Paredes-Solís Sergio, Legorreta-Soberanis José, Armendariz-Valle Felipe Gil, Ledogar Robert J, Cockcroft Anne, Andersson Neil
Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico.
Departamento de Prevención y Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles por Vector, Servicios Estatales de Salud Guerrero, Av. Rufo Figueroa 6, Colonia Burócratas, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
BMC Public Health. 2017 May 30;17(Suppl 1):450. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4293-9.
Understanding the breeding patterns of Aedes aegypti in households and the factors associated with infestation are important for implementing vector control. The baseline survey of a cluster randomised controlled trial of community mobilisation for dengue prevention in Mexico and Nicaragua collected information about the containers that are the main breeding sites, identified possible actions to reduce breeding, and examined factors associated with household infestation. This paper describes findings from the Mexican arm of the baseline survey.
In 2010 field teams conducted household surveys and entomological inspections in 11,995 households from 90 representative communities in the three coastal regions of Guerrero State, Mexico. We characterized Ae. aegypti breeding sites and examined the effect of two preventive measures: temephos application in water containers, and keeping the containers covered. We examined associations with household infestation, using bivariate and multivariate analysis adjusted for clustering effects.
We conducted entomological inspections in 11,995 households. Among 45,353 water containers examined, 6.5% (2958/45,353) were positive for larvae and/or pupae. Concrete tanks (pilas) and barrels (tambos) together accounted for 74% of pupal productivity. Both covering water containers and inserting temephos were independently associated with a lower risk of presence of larvae or pupae, with the effect of covering (OR 0.22; 95% CIca 0.15-0.27) stronger than that of temephos (OR 0.66; 95% CIca 0.53-0.84). Having more than four water containers was associated with household infestation in both rural areas (OR 1.42; 95% CIca 1.17-1.72) and urban areas (1.81; 1.47-2.25), as was low education of the household head (rural: 1.27; 1.11-1.46, and urban: 1.39; 1.17-1.66). Additional factors in rural areas were: household head without paid work (1.31; 1.08-1.59); being in the Acapulco region (1.91; 1.06-3.44); and using anti-mosquito products (1.27; 1.09-1.47). In urban areas only, presence of temephos was associated with a lower risk of household infestation (0.44; 0.32-0.60).
Concrete tanks and barrels accounted for the majority of pupal productivity. Covering water containers could be an effective means of Ae. aegypti vector control, with a bigger effect than using temephos. These findings were useful in planning and implementing the Camino Verde trial intervention in Mexico.
了解埃及伊蚊在家庭中的繁殖模式以及与蚊虫滋生相关的因素对于实施病媒控制至关重要。在墨西哥和尼加拉瓜开展的一项关于登革热预防社区动员的整群随机对照试验的基线调查收集了有关作为主要滋生场所的容器的信息，确定了减少滋生的可能行动，并研究了与家庭蚊虫滋生相关的因素。本文描述了基线调查中墨西哥部分的研究结果。
2010年，实地考察队对墨西哥格雷罗州三个沿海地区90个代表性社区的11995户家庭进行了家庭调查和昆虫学检查。我们对埃及伊蚊的滋生场所进行了特征描述，并研究了两种预防措施的效果：在盛水容器中施用倍硫磷以及保持容器有盖。我们使用经聚类效应调整的双变量和多变量分析研究了与家庭蚊虫滋生的关联。
我们对11995户家庭进行了昆虫学检查。在检查的45353个盛水容器中，6.5%（2958/45353）的容器幼虫和/或蛹检测呈阳性。混凝土水箱（pilas）和桶（tambos）合计占蛹生产力的74%。保持盛水容器有盖和投放倍硫磷均与幼虫或蛹存在的较低风险独立相关，有盖措施的效果（比值比0.22；95%可信区间0.15 - 0.27）强于倍硫磷（比值比0.66；95%可信区间0.53 - 0.84）。在农村地区（比值比1.42；95%可信区间1.17 - 1.72）和城市地区（1.81；1.47 - 2.25），拥有四个以上盛水容器均与家庭蚊虫滋生有关，户主教育程度低也与家庭蚊虫滋生有关（农村：1.27；1.11 - 1.46，城市：1.39；1.17 - 1.66）。农村地区的其他因素包括：户主无带薪工作（1.31；1.08 - 1.59）；位于阿卡普尔科地区（1.91；1.06 - 3.44）；以及使用防蚊产品（1.27；1.09 - 1.47）。仅在城市地区，倍硫磷的存在与家庭蚊虫滋生的较低风险相关（0.44；0.32 - 0.60）。
混凝土水箱和桶占蛹生产力的大部分。保持盛水容器有盖可能是控制埃及伊蚊病媒的有效手段，其效果大于使用倍硫磷。这些研究结果有助于在墨西哥规划和实施“绿色之路”试验干预措施。
