Shakil Shahriar S M, Gowan Matt, Hughes Kerry, Azam Md Nur Kabidul, Ahmed Md Nasir
Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
The Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Cannabis Res. 2021 Mar 19;3(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s42238-021-00063-3.
There is a worldwide interest in the use of Cannabis sativa for biomedicine purposes. Cannabis has ethnomedicinal usage as a natural medicine in Bangladesh and cultivated during the British Empire period for revenues.
Folk medicine practitioners (FMPs) from different districts of Bangladesh have been using Cannabis sativa, but until now there have not been any compiled studies particularly regarding this practice. Hence, this review is an effort to retrieve the traditional usage of Cannabis sativa as a phytomedicine from published ethnomedicinal studies.
Information was searched by using the search terms "ethnomedicinal Cannabis sativa and Bangladesh"; "Bangladesh cannabaceae and ethnomedicinal survey"; "ganja, bhang and folk medicine Bangladesh"; "tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinoid and therapeutic, clinical trial"; and "cannabis and pharmacological/biological" and retrieved from ethnobotanical articles available on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. A search of the relevant scientific literature also was conducted to assess the efficacy of the ethnomedicinal usage of Cannabis sativa.
While reviewing over 200 ethnomedicinal plants' survey articles, we found that FMPs of Bangladesh from 12 different districts used Cannabis sativa to treat cited ailments like sleep-associated problems (n=5), neuropsychiatric and CNS problems (n=5), and infections and respiratory problems (n=5) followed by rheumatism, gastrointestinal, gynecological (n=4 each), cancer, sexual, and other ailments including hypertension, headache, itch, increases bile secretion, abortifacient, dandruff, fever, and urinary problems (n=1 each). There are a total of 15 formulations identified from the 11 out of 18 ethnomedicinal plant survey reports. The leaf was the main plant part used (53.8%), followed by root (23%), seed (7.7%) and flower, inflorescence, resin, and all parts 3.8% respectively.
Sales and cultivation of Cannabis are illegal at present in Bangladesh, but the use of Cannabis sativa as a natural phytomedicine has been practiced traditionally by folk medicine practitioners of Bangladesh for many years and validated through relevant pharmacological justification. Although Cannabis sativa possesses ethnomedicinal properties in the folk medicine of Bangladesh, it is, furthermore, needed to conduct biological research to consolidate pharmacological justification about the prospects and challenges of Cannabis and cannabinoids' use in Bangladesh as safer biomedicine in the future.
全球都对将大麻用于生物医药目的感兴趣。在孟加拉国，大麻作为一种天然药物有着民族药用的用途，并且在大英帝国时期曾被种植以获取收益。
来自孟加拉国不同地区的民间医学从业者一直在使用大麻，但到目前为止，尚未有任何汇总研究，特别是关于这种做法的研究。因此，本综述旨在从已发表的民族药用研究中检索大麻作为植物药的传统用途。
通过使用搜索词“民族药用大麻与孟加拉国”；“孟加拉国大麻科与民族药用调查”；“印度大麻、大麻制剂与孟加拉国民间医学”；“四氢大麻酚（THC）、大麻素与治疗、临床试验”；以及“大麻与药理学/生物学”进行信息搜索，并从可在PubMed、Scopus、Science Direct和谷歌学术数据库中获取的民族植物学文章中检索。还对相关科学文献进行了搜索，以评估大麻民族药用用途的疗效。
在查阅200多篇民族药用植物调查文章时，我们发现来自孟加拉国12个不同地区的民间医学从业者使用大麻来治疗所列举的疾病，如睡眠相关问题（n = 5）、神经精神和中枢神经系统问题（n = 5）、感染和呼吸道问题（n = 5），其次是风湿病、胃肠道疾病、妇科疾病（各n = 4）、癌症、性方面的疾病以及其他疾病，包括高血压、头痛、瘙痒、增加胆汁分泌、堕胎药、头皮屑、发烧和泌尿系统问题（各n = 1）。在18份民族药用植物调查报道中的11份中总共确定了15种配方。叶子是主要使用的植物部位（53.8%），其次是根（23%）、种子（7.7%）以及花、花序、树脂和所有部位，分别占3.8%。
目前在孟加拉国，大麻的销售和种植是非法的，但孟加拉国的民间医学从业者多年来一直将大麻作为天然植物药使用，并通过相关药理学依据得到了验证。尽管大麻在孟加拉国民间医学中具有民族药用特性，但此外，还需要进行生物学研究，以巩固关于大麻和大麻素在孟加拉国作为未来更安全的生物医药使用的前景和挑战的药理学依据。
