Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2022 Jan 10;282:114588. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114588. Epub 2021 Sep 1.
Liver disease is a major cause of illness and death worldwide which accounts for approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide, 1 million due to complications of cirrhosis and 1 million due to viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. That's why it is seeking the researchers' attention to find out the effective treatment strategies. Phytochemicals from natural resources are the main leads for the development of noble hepatoprotective drugs. The majority of the natural sources whose active compounds are currently employed actually have an ethnomedical use. Ethnopharmacological research is essential for the development of these bioactive compounds. These studies not only provide scientific evidence on medicinal plants utilized for particular therapeutic purposes, but they also ensure cultural heritage preservation. Plenty of experimental studies have been well-documented that the ethnomedicinal plants are of therapeutics' interest for the advanced pharmacological intervention in terms of hepatic disorders.
This study summarizes the processes of hepatotoxicity induced by various toxins and explores identified hepatoprotective plants and their phytoconstituents, which can guide the extraction of novel phytochemical constituents from plants to treat liver injury. This review aimed to summarize the hepatoprotective activity of Bangladeshi medicinal plants where the bioactive compounds may be leads for the drug discovery in future.
Literature searches in electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Science Direct, SpringerLink, PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Scopus, BanglaJOL, and so on, were performed using the keywords 'Bangladesh', 'ethnomedicinal plants', 'Hepatoprotective agents' as for primary searches, and secondary search terms were used as follows, either alone or in combination: traditional medicine, medicinal plants, folk medicine, liver, hepatitis, therapeutic uses, and anti-inflammatory. Besides, several books, including the book entitled "Medicinal plants of Bangladesh: chemical constituents and uses" authored by Abdul Ghani, were carefully considered, which contained pharmacological properties and phytoconstituents of many medicinal plants growing and traditionally available in Bangladesh. Among them, the most promising plant species with their latest therapeutic effects against hepatic disorders were deeply considered in this review.
The results of this study revealed that in most cases, therapy using plant extracts stabilized altered hepatic biochemical markers induced by hepatotoxins. Initially, we investigated 32 plant species for hepatoprotective activity, however after extensive literature searching; we observed that 20 plants offer good pharmacological evidence of hepatoprotective function. Consequently, most bioactive compounds derived from the herbs including berberine, thymoquinone, andrographolide, ursolic acid, luteolin, naringenin, genistein, quercetin, troxerutin, morin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, chlorogenic acid, emodin, curcumin, resveratrol, capsaicin, ellagic acid, etc. are appeared to be effective against hepatic disorders.
Flavonoids, phenolic acids, monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, chromenes, capsaicinoids, curcuminoids, and anthraquinones are among the phytoconstituents were appraised to have hepatoprotective activities. All the actions displayed by these ethnomedicinal plants could make them serve as leads in the formulation of drugs with higher efficacy to treat hepatic disorders.
肝脏疾病是全球范围内导致疾病和死亡的主要原因，约占全球每年 200 万人死亡的原因，其中 100 万人死于肝硬化并发症，100 万人死于病毒性肝炎和肝细胞癌。正因为如此，研究人员正在寻求寻找有效的治疗策略。天然资源中的植物化学物质是开发高贵肝保护药物的主要先导物。目前正在使用其活性化合物的大多数天然来源实际上具有民族医学用途。民族药理学研究对于这些生物活性化合物的开发至关重要。这些研究不仅为用于特定治疗目的的药用植物提供了科学证据，而且还确保了文化遗产的保护。大量实验研究证明，对于肝脏疾病的高级药理学干预，民族药用植物具有治疗学意义。
本研究总结了各种毒素引起的肝毒性的过程，并探讨了已确定的具有肝保护作用的植物及其植物成分，这可以指导从植物中提取新型植物化学物质来治疗肝损伤。本综述旨在总结孟加拉国药用植物的肝保护活性，其中生物活性化合物可能成为未来药物发现的先导物。
在电子数据库中进行文献检索，例如 Web of Science、Science Direct、SpringerLink、PubMed、Google Scholar、Semantic Scholar、Scopus、BanglaJOL 等，使用的关键词是“孟加拉国”、“民族医学植物”、“肝保护剂”进行初步搜索，二次搜索词单独或组合使用如下：传统医学、药用植物、民间医学、肝脏、肝炎、治疗用途和抗炎。此外，还仔细考虑了几本包括 Abdul Ghani 撰写的《孟加拉国药用植物：化学成分和用途》在内的书籍，其中包含了在孟加拉国生长和传统使用的许多药用植物的药理学特性和植物成分。其中，对具有最新治疗肝脏疾病作用的最有前途的植物物种进行了深入研究。
这项研究的结果表明，在大多数情况下，植物提取物的治疗作用稳定了肝毒素引起的肝生化标志物的改变。最初，我们研究了 32 种具有肝保护活性的植物物种，但在广泛的文献检索后，我们观察到 20 种植物具有良好的肝保护作用的药理学证据。因此，大多数源自草药的生物活性化合物，包括小檗碱、姜黄素、穿心莲内酯、熊果酸、木樨草素、柚皮苷、染料木素、槲皮素、橙皮苷、没食子酸、表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯、绿原酸、大黄素、姜黄素、白藜芦醇、辣椒素、鞣花酸等，似乎对肝脏疾病有效。
黄酮类、酚酸类、单萜类、二萜类、三萜类、生物碱类、色烯类、辣椒素类、姜黄素类、蒽醌类等植物成分被评估具有肝保护活性。这些民族药用植物所表现出的所有作用都可以使它们成为治疗肝脏疾病的高效药物的先导物。
