Comparative study for treatment of alopecia areata using carboxy therapy, intralesional corticosteroids, and a combination of both.

Alopecia Areata (AA) is a common autoimmune disease, with an unpredictable course and no standard treatment with guaranteed outcome. Intralesional corticosteroids is the most commonly used treatment for patchy AA, but with a common side effect of localized atrophy. Thirty patients with localized AA, with three patches were included in this study. Each alopecic patch in each patient was subjected to treatment by intralesional carbon dioxide injection (carboxy therapy), intralesional corticosteroids (ILC) and a combination of both. Sessions were done every 2 weeks for a total of 12 weeks, followed by a 2-month follow-up period. Evaluation was done at baseline, after treatment and after follow-up, clinically by modified SALT score (a novel modification of the SALT score), dermoscopically (yellow dots, black dots, tapered hair, regrowing hair) and by photography. All treatment regimens resulted in significant improvement of mSALT score and dermoscopic parameters. Comparison of the three treatment modalities revealed a 79.2% hair regrowth following the combined regimen, 69.5% improvement after ILC, and 50% improvement after carboxy therapy, with a statistical difference. The combined regimen also produced the largest significant increase in regrowing hair after treatment. Side effects included temporary pain during injection and relapse in the alopecic patch treated by ILC in one patient. All treatment regimens proved effective for treatment of patchy alopecia areata, with highest efficacy encountered following the combined modality as it caused the greatest and earliest hair regrowth.Study registered in Protocol Registration and Results System (clincaltrials.gov). Registration number: NCT04228029.