Imaging Center for Integrated Body, Mind and Culture Research, National Taiwan University, No.49, Fanglan Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2021 Aug;28(4):1051-1059. doi: 10.3758/s13423-021-01894-0. Epub 2021 Mar 19.
Sequential effects are prominent and pervasive phenomena that exist in most perceptual judgments. Of importance, these effects reflect dynamic aspects in our judgment bias induced by the recent context. When making successive judgments in response to a sequence of stimuli, two opposing consequences have frequently been observed: assimilation effects - current stimuli judged as being closer to preceding stimuli than they actually are, and contrast effects - current stimuli judged as being further from preceding stimuli than they actually are. Although several cognitive accounts have been previously proposed, there is still a lack of consensus on the underlying mechanism, particularly regarding the insights of the temporal dynamics. Building upon accumulating human M/EEG findings, I propose a framework to explain how sequential bias is generated, unfolded over time, and eventually incorporated into the formation of current biased judgment. By bringing sequential effects closer to a biologically plausible framework, this synthetic view could account for how the opposing consequences of sequential effects differentially evolve, distinguish the effects from other perceptual phenomena with similar behavioral outcomes (such as aftereffects and priming), and illuminate how perceptual judgment is adaptively adjusted under the impact of temporal context.
序列效应是一种普遍存在于大多数感知判断中的显著现象。重要的是，这些效应反映了我们的判断偏差中的动态方面，是由最近的上下文引起的。当我们对一系列刺激做出连续判断时，经常会观察到两种相反的结果：同化效应——当前刺激被判断为比实际更接近先前的刺激，而对比效应——当前刺激被判断为比实际更远离先前的刺激。尽管之前已经提出了几种认知解释，但对于潜在机制仍缺乏共识，特别是对于时间动态的理解。基于不断积累的人类 M/EEG 研究结果，我提出了一个框架来解释序列偏差是如何产生的，随着时间的推移是如何展开的，以及最终如何纳入当前有偏差的判断的形成。通过使序列效应更接近生物上合理的框架，这种综合观点可以解释序列效应的相反结果如何不同地演变，将其与具有相似行为结果的其他感知现象（如后效和启动）区分开来，并阐明在时间上下文的影响下，感知判断是如何自适应调整的。
