Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA.
Omvati Devi Degree College, Bhalaswagaj, Haridwar, India.
Chemosphere. 2021 Aug;276:130188. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130188. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
An inadequate and inefficient performance ability of conventional methods to remove persistent organic pollutants urges the need of alternative or complementary advanced wastewater treatments methods to ensure the safer reuse of reclaimed water. Photoelectrochemical methods are emerging as promising options among other advanced oxidation processes because of the higher treatment efficiency achieved due to the synergistic effects of combined photochemical and electrolysis reactions. Synergistic effects of integrated photochemical, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical processes not only increase the hydroxyl radical production; an enhancement on the mineralization ability through various side reactions is also achieved. In this review, fundamental reaction mechanisms of different photoelectrochemical methods including photoelectrocatalysis, photo/solar electro-Fenton, photo anodic oxidation, photoelectroperoxone and photocatalytic fuel cell are discussed. Various integrated photochemical, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical processes and their synergistic effects are elaborated. Different reactor configurations along with the positioning of electrodes, photocatalysts and light source of the individual/combined photoelectrochemical treatment systems are discussed. Modified photoanode and cathode materials used in the photoelectrochemical reactors and their performance ability is presented. Photoelectrochemical treatment of real wastewater such as landfill leachate, oil mill, pharmaceutical, textile, and tannery wastewater are reviewed. Hydrogen production efficiency in the photoelectrochemical process is further elaborated. Cost and energy involved in these processes are briefed, but the applicability of photocatalytic fuel cells to reduce the electrical dependence is also summarised. Finally, the use of photoelectrochemical approaches as an alternative for treating soil washing effluents is currently discussed.
传统方法去除持久性有机污染物的能力不足且效率低下，这促使人们需要替代或补充先进的废水处理方法，以确保再生水的更安全再利用。光电化学方法作为其他高级氧化工艺的一种有前途的选择，正在兴起，因为光化学和电解反应的协同作用可以实现更高的处理效率。光化学、电化学和光电化学过程的协同效应不仅增加了羟基自由基的产生，还通过各种副反应实现了对矿化能力的增强。在这篇综述中，讨论了包括光电催化、光/太阳能电芬顿、光阳极氧化、光电过硫酸盐和光催化燃料电池在内的不同光电化学方法的基本反应机制。阐述了各种集成光化学、电化学和光电化学过程及其协同效应。讨论了不同的反应器配置以及单个/组合光电化学处理系统中电极、光催化剂和光源的定位。介绍了光电化学反应器中使用的改性光阳极和阴极材料及其性能。综述了光电化学处理实际废水的情况，如垃圾渗滤液、油厂、制药、纺织和制革废水。进一步阐述了光电化学过程中的产氢效率。简要介绍了这些过程涉及的成本和能源，但也总结了光催化燃料电池在降低电力依赖方面的适用性。最后，目前正在讨论将光电化学方法用作处理土壤洗涤废水的替代方法。
