Sen Tushar Kanti
Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Molecules. 2023 Jul 21;28(14):5575. doi: 10.3390/molecules28145575.
Adsorption has become the most popular and effective separation technique that is used across the water and wastewater treatment industries. However, the present research direction is focused on the development of various solid waste-based adsorbents as an alternative to costly commercial activated carbon adsorbents, which make the adsorptive separation process more effective, and on popularising the sustainable options for the remediation of pollutants. Therefore, there are a large number of reported results available on the application of raw or treated agricultural biomass-based alternatives as effective adsorbents for aqueous-phase heavy metal ion removal in batch adsorption studies. The goal of this review article was to provide a comprehensive compilation of scattered literature information and an up-to-date overview of the development of the current state of knowledge, based on various batch adsorption research papers that utilised a wide range of raw, modified, and treated agricultural solid waste biomass-based adsorbents for the adsorptive removal of aqueous-phase heavy metal ions. Metal ion pollution and its source, toxicity effects, and treatment technologies, mainly via adsorption, have been reviewed here in detail. Emphasis has been placed on the removal of heavy metal ions using a wide range of agricultural by-product-based adsorbents under various physicochemical process conditions. Information available in the literature on various important influential physicochemical process parameters, such as the metal concentration, agricultural solid waste adsorbent dose, solution pH, and solution temperature, and importantly, the adsorbent characteristics of metal ion removal, have been reviewed and critically analysed here. Finally, from the literature reviewed, future perspectives and conclusions were presented, and a few future research directions have been proposed.
吸附已成为水和废水处理行业中最受欢迎且有效的分离技术。然而，目前的研究方向集中在开发各种基于固体废物的吸附剂，以替代昂贵的商业活性炭吸附剂，从而使吸附分离过程更有效，并推广污染物修复的可持续选择。因此，在批量吸附研究中，有大量关于将未经处理或经处理的农业生物质基替代物用作去除水相中重金属离子的有效吸附剂的报道结果。这篇综述文章的目的是基于各种批量吸附研究论文，全面汇编分散的文献信息，并对当前知识状态的发展进行最新概述，这些论文使用了广泛的未经处理、改性和处理的农业固体废物生物质基吸附剂来吸附去除水相中的重金属离子。本文详细综述了金属离子污染及其来源、毒性影响以及主要通过吸附的处理技术。重点在于在各种物理化学过程条件下，使用多种基于农业副产品的吸附剂去除重金属离子。本文对文献中关于各种重要的有影响的物理化学过程参数，如金属浓度、农业固体废物吸附剂剂量、溶液pH值和溶液温度，以及重要的是金属离子去除的吸附剂特性等信息进行了综述和批判性分析。最后，根据所综述的文献，给出了未来展望和结论，并提出了一些未来的研究方向。
