Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 220 East Illinois Street, Box 10, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago & Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Town and Country Pediatrics, 1460 North Halstead Street, Suite 402, Chicago, IL 60642, USA.
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2021 Apr;30(2):431-444. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2020.10.011.
Normal developmental activities (eg, going to school, raising a hand in class, and managing typical life uncertainties) are 'triggers' for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. To cope, children with anxiety avoid; however, when avoidance of developmentally appropriate activities is not possible, catastrophic responses can ensue. If these catastrophic reactions result in successful avoidance, they are likely to recur leading to a generalized pattern of dysregulated behavior. Interventions include treating anxiety disorder symptoms to remission. For parents the goal is to challenge their child to engage in important developmental activities, reward positive coping and avoid reinforcing avoidance behavior.
正常的发育活动（例如，上学、在课堂上举手、应对典型的生活不确定性）是焦虑障碍儿童和青少年的“触发因素”。为了应对这些活动，儿童会选择回避；然而，当无法回避适合发展阶段的活动时，可能会产生灾难性的反应。如果这些灾难性的反应导致成功的回避，它们很可能会再次发生，导致行为失调的普遍模式。干预措施包括治疗焦虑障碍症状直至缓解。对于父母来说，目标是挑战他们的孩子参与重要的发育活动，奖励积极的应对方式，并避免强化回避行为。
