Departments of Ophthalmology, Human and Molecular Genetics, and Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Naples, Florida, USA.
Am J Ophthalmol. 2021 Oct;230:75-122. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.03.009. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
To describe the entry of cataract surgery into the British Isles.
Handbills, books, and other historical sources were reviewed to determine when cataract surgery was first performed in the region.
Roman artifacts suggest that couching was performed in the British Isles in antiquity. Seemingly miraculous cures of blindness during the early Middle Ages might be consistent with couching. However, there is no strong evidence of medieval cataract surgery in the region. Cataract couching probably arrived in England by the 1560s, in Scotland by 1595, in Ireland by 1684, and in Anglo-America by 1751. Before the 18th century, cataract surgery was taught within families, apprenticeships, and mountebank troupes. Beginning in the 17th century, congenital cataract surgery permitted surgeons to tout their skills and to explore visual perception. However, in some cases, such as the couching of the 13-year-old Daniel Dolins by surgeon William Cheselden in 1727, whether the cataracts were truly congenital, and whether vision improved in any way, remain in doubt. Beginning in the 1720s, cataract surgery began to be performed by traditional surgeons in hospitals. However, for most of the century, the highest-volume cataract surgeons continued to be itinerant oculists, including those who performed cataract extraction in the latter half of the century.
Cataract surgery might have been performed in Roman Britain. Specific evidence of cataract surgery emerges in the region in the Elizabethan era. Cataract extraction was performed in the British Isles by 1753, but couching remained popular throughout the 18th century. NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society.
描述白内障手术进入不列颠群岛的情况。
通过翻阅传单、书籍和其他历史资料，确定该地区白内障手术首次实施的时间。
罗马文物表明，古代在不列颠群岛就已经施行过白内障针拨术。中世纪早期失明的“神奇”治愈可能与白内障针拨术有关。然而，该地区并没有白内障手术的有力证据。白内障针拨术可能在 16 世纪 60 年代传入英国，1595 年传入苏格兰，1684 年传入爱尔兰，1751 年传入英属美洲。在 18 世纪之前，白内障手术是通过家族内部、学徒制和江湖医生剧团教授的。从 17 世纪开始，先天性白内障手术使外科医生能够炫耀他们的技能并探索视觉感知。然而，在某些情况下，例如 1727 年外科医生威廉·切泽尔登为 13 岁的丹尼尔·多林斯施行的白内障针拨术，白内障是否真的是先天性的，以及视力是否有任何改善，仍存在疑问。从 18 世纪 20 年代开始，白内障手术开始由传统外科医生在医院进行。然而，在整个世纪的大部分时间里，手术量最大的白内障外科医生仍然是巡回眼科医生，包括那些在世纪后半叶施行白内障摘除术的医生。
白内障手术可能在罗马统治时期的不列颠进行过。16 世纪伊丽莎白时代该地区出现了白内障手术的确切证据。白内障摘除术于 1753 年在不列颠群岛施行，但白内障针拨术在整个 18 世纪仍很流行。注：本文的出版由美国眼科学会赞助。
