Alkaloids of Delphinium grandiflorum and their implication to HO-induced cardiomyocytes injury.

Three new diterpenoid alkaloids (1-3), and eight known alkaloids (4-11) were isolated from the aerial parts of Delphinium grandiflorum. Grandifline A (1) represents an unprecedented diterpenoid alkaloid ring system featuring a C-7NC17 hemiaminal moiety and a lactone fragment through the linkage of C-17OC19 unit. And we named this newly-discovered class of rearranged C-diterpenoid alkaloid scaffold as grandiflodines (B-12). Grandifline B (2) is the first naturally-occurring 7,17-secolycoctonine diterpenoid alkaloid with a C-7OC17 unit forming a hemiacetal. Their structures were elucidated via spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The protective effects of compounds 1-11 on HO-induced cardiomyocytes injury were assayed. And compounds 6 and 10 showed significant protective effects, with IC values of 1.881 ± 0.680 μM and 1.904 ± 0.750 μM, respectively. Further, compound 6 could reduce oxidative damage by inhibiting cell death via the AMPK/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in HO-induced H9C2 cells.