Weiss Jana M, Jones Bernt, Koekkoek Jacco, Bignert Anders, Lamoree Marja H
Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 12, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Aug;28(29):39001-39013. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13343-5. Epub 2021 Mar 20.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are used in a wide range of products and have been found ubiquitously in our indoor environment, and there is evidence that exposure to PFAS can lead to adverse endocrine effects, such as thyroid hormone disruption. Pet cats have a high dust intake due to their grooming behavior and have been shown to be a suitable sentinel species for assessment of toddler's exposure. Here we used paired household dust (n=46) and cat serum (n=27) samples to establish whether dust is a relevant exposure pathway to PFASs. An analytical method for PFAS analysis was optimized using a low volume of cat serum samples, combining solid-phase extraction and online sample cleanup. Dust was extracted with methanol by sonication and cleaned up by addition of active carbon. In total, 27 PFASs were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. The correlation between PFAS levels in dust and serum, serum lipids and thyroid hormone levels, and PFAS levels in dust between different rooms were statistically evaluated. PFOS and PFDA could be quantified in all cat serum samples (median 2300 pg/mL and 430 pg/mL, respectively), followed by PFOA (median 1100 pg/mL), quantified in 96% of the samples. The levels of 6:2 and 8:2 diPAPs were determined in 65% and 92% of the serum samples, respectively, and were an order of magnitude lower (1.4-160 pg/mL). Household dust on the other hand was dominated by 6:2 and 8:2 diPAPs, with a median of 65 ng/g dust and 49 ng/g dust, respectively. PFOS (median 13 ng/g dust) and PFOA (median 9 ng/g dust) were quantified in 93% of the dust samples. Only eight PFASs were detected (>LOD) in at least 50% of the samples of both matrices and could be paired. Significant correlations between cat serum and dust were found for PFOA (r=0.32, p<0.049) and PFUnDA (r=0.55, p<0.001). Significant positive correlations were found between serum total thyroxine (r=0.11, p<0.05) and PFNA and between serum cholesterol and PFHpA (r=0.46, p<0.01), PFUnDA (r=0.40, p<0.05), PFDoDA (r=0.44, p<0.01), and sum PFAS (r=0.48, p<0.01). In conclusion, this study confirmed that dust is a relevant exposure pathway for the ingestion of some PFASs for cats, and the serum levels of PFASs could be of relevance for the cat's health.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）被广泛应用于各类产品中，且在我们的室内环境中普遍存在。有证据表明，接触PFASs会导致不良的内分泌影响，如甲状腺激素紊乱。宠物猫因其梳理毛发的行为会大量摄入灰尘，已被证明是评估幼儿接触情况的合适指示物种。在此，我们使用配对的家庭灰尘样本（n = 46）和猫血清样本（n = 27）来确定灰尘是否是PFASs的相关暴露途径。通过使用少量猫血清样本，结合固相萃取和在线样品净化，优化了PFASs的分析方法。灰尘用甲醇超声提取，并通过添加活性炭进行净化。总共通过液相色谱/质谱分析了27种PFASs。对灰尘和血清中PFASs水平、血清脂质和甲状腺激素水平以及不同房间灰尘中PFASs水平之间的相关性进行了统计评估。全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟癸酸（PFDA）可在所有猫血清样本中定量（中位数分别为2300 pg/mL和430 pg/mL），其次是全氟辛酸（PFOA）（中位数为1100 pg/mL），在96%的样本中可定量。6:2和8:2二聚全氟烷基磷酸酯（diPAPs）的水平分别在65%和92%的血清样本中测定，且低一个数量级（1.4 - 160 pg/mL）。另一方面，家庭灰尘中主要是6:2和8:2 diPAPs，中位数分别为65 ng/g灰尘和49 ng/g灰尘。PFOS（中位数为13 ng/g灰尘）和PFOA（中位数为9 ng/g灰尘）在93%的灰尘样本中可定量。在至少50%的两种基质样本中检测到（>检测限）且可配对的PFASs只有8种。发现猫血清和灰尘中PFOA（r = 0.32，p < 0.049）和全氟十一烷酸（PFUnDA）（r = 0.55，p < 0.001）之间存在显著相关性。还发现血清总甲状腺素与全氟萘酸（PFNA）之间（r = 0.11，p < 0.05）以及血清胆固醇与全氟庚酸（PFHpA）（r = 0.46，p < 0.01）、PFUnDA（r = 0.40，p < 0.05）、全氟十二烷酸（PFDoDA）（r = 0.44，p < 0.01）和总PFASs（r = 0.48，p < 0.01）之间存在显著正相关。总之，本研究证实灰尘是猫摄入某些PFASs的相关暴露途径，且PFASs的血清水平可能与猫的健康相关。
