Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health and Safety, and Environment (HSE), School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Environ Res. 2021 Jun;197:111039. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111039. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
The vulnerability of employees of different occupations from the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Iran was assessed using an innovative index. The vulnerability index was developed in five steps as follows: (1) determining the principles and components of employees' susceptibility and resilience, (2) weighting the principles and components, (3) converting the levels of components to the sub-index values, (4) introducing the aggregation functions, and (5) characterizing the vulnerability index values in five categories as very high (80-100), high (65-79), medium (50-64), low (30-49), and very low (0-29). The average values of susceptibility, resilience, and vulnerability index of the employees were determined to be 35.2 ± 15.0, 73.9 ± 17.0, and 32.9 ± 12.7, respectively. The average resilience of the employees was more desirable than their average susceptibility. The distribution of the employees into the vulnerability index categories was 46.3% for very low, 41.9% for low, 3.6% for medium, and 8.2% for high. The worst cases of susceptibility and resilience principles were exposure to contaminated surfaces (59.1 ± 22.8) and top management commitment (66.6 ± 23.1). The elderly staff (especially over 50 years old), employees with low education levels, and employees in private and self-employment sectors were significantly more vulnerable (p value < 0.01) from the COVID-19 pandemic. The principles with significant incremental effects on the vulnerability index (p value < 0.05) were respectively top management commitment (+1.78), exposure to COVID-19 patients at work (+1.36), exposure to contaminated surfaces (+0.82), installing clear shields and wearing PPE (+0.59), observance of social distancing (+0.48), and just culture (+0.22). An especial plan to support the more vulnerable employees with an emphasis on the principles with the most incremental effects on the vulnerability index can efficiently control the inequality between the employees as well as occupational transmission of the COVID-19 in Iran.
采用创新指数评估了伊朗不同职业员工在 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行中的脆弱性。脆弱性指数分五步制定：（1）确定员工易感性和复原力的原则和组成部分；（2）为原则和组成部分赋权；（3）将组成部分的水平转换为子指数值；（4）引入聚合函数；（5）将脆弱性指数值分为五个类别：极高（80-100）、高（65-79）、中（50-64）、低（30-49）和极低（0-29）。确定员工的易感性、复原力和脆弱性指数的平均值分别为 35.2±15.0、73.9±17.0 和 32.9±12.7。员工的平均复原力优于平均易感性。将员工分为脆弱性指数类别，其中极低脆弱性占 46.3%，低脆弱性占 41.9%，中等脆弱性占 3.6%，高脆弱性占 8.2%。最易受感染和复原力原则影响的情况是接触污染表面（59.1±22.8）和最高管理层承诺（66.6±23.1）。老年员工（特别是 50 岁以上）、教育程度低的员工以及私营和自营部门的员工在 COVID-19 大流行中明显更脆弱（p 值<0.01）。对脆弱性指数有显著增量影响的原则（p 值<0.05）分别为最高管理层承诺（+1.78）、在工作中接触 COVID-19 患者（+1.36）、接触污染表面（+0.82）、安装透明挡板和佩戴个人防护设备（+0.59）、遵守社会距离（+0.48）和公正文化（+0.22）。制定一项特别计划，重点支持脆弱性更高的员工，强调对脆弱性指数影响最大的原则，这可以有效地控制伊朗员工之间的不平等以及 COVID-19 的职业传播。
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