Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
The ECHO Institute, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, Mexico.
Prev Med. 2021 Jul;148:106527. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106527. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) testing rates vary across states, potentially biasing estimates of alcohol involvement in violent deaths. The National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) collects information on violent deaths, including decedents' BACs. This study assessed characteristics of violent deaths by BAC testing status, and the proportion of decedents with a positive BAC or BAC ≥ 0.08 g/dL. NVDRS data from 2014 to 2016 (2014: 18 states; 2015: 27 states; 2016: 32 states) were analyzed to assess BAC testing (tested, not tested, unknown/missing) by state, decedent characteristics, and death investigation system (e.g., state medical examiner, coroners), in 2019. The proportion of violent deaths with a BAC > 0.0 or ≥ 0.08 g/dL was also assessed. Among 95,390 violent death decedents, 57.1% had a BAC test (range: 9.5% in Georgia to 95.8% in Utah), 2.3% were not tested, and 40.6% had an unknown/missing BAC testing status (range: 1.3% in Alaska to 78.0% in Georgia). Decedents who were 21-44 years, American Indian/Alaska Native or Hispanic, died by poisoning, died by undetermined intent, or were investigated by a state medical examiner were most likely to receive BAC testing. Among the violent deaths with a reported BAC, 41.1% had a positive BAC and 27.7% had a BAC ≥ 0.08 g/dL. About 2 in 5 violent deaths were missing data on alcohol testing. Increased testing and reporting of alcohol among violent deaths could inform the development and use of evidence-based prevention strategies (e.g., increasing alcohol taxes, regulating alcohol outlet density) for reducing violent deaths.
血液酒精浓度 (BAC) 检测率因州而异，这可能会影响到暴力死亡中酒精参与程度的估计。国家暴力死亡报告系统 (NVDRS) 收集有关暴力死亡的信息，包括死者的 BAC。本研究评估了 BAC 检测状态下的暴力死亡特征，以及 BAC 阳性或 BAC≥0.08g/dL 的死者比例。对 2014 年至 2016 年（2014 年：18 个州；2015 年：27 个州；2016 年：32 个州）的 NVDRS 数据进行了分析，以评估 2019 年各州、死者特征和死亡调查系统（例如，州法医、验尸官）的 BAC 检测情况（检测、未检测、未知/缺失）。还评估了 BAC>0.0 或≥0.08g/dL 的暴力死亡比例。在 95390 例暴力死亡死者中，57.1%进行了 BAC 检测（范围：佐治亚州 9.5%至犹他州 95.8%），2.3%未检测，40.6% BAC 检测状态未知/缺失（范围：阿拉斯加 1.3%至佐治亚州 78.0%）。年龄在 21-44 岁、美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民或西班牙裔、中毒死亡、死因不明或由州法医调查的死者最有可能接受 BAC 检测。在有报告 BAC 的暴力死亡中，41.1% BAC 阳性，27.7% BAC≥0.08g/dL。大约 2/5 的暴力死亡事件缺少酒精检测数据。增加对暴力死亡中酒精的检测和报告可以为制定和使用基于证据的预防策略提供信息（例如，提高酒精税、调节酒精销售点密度），以减少暴力死亡。
