Kaplan Mark S, Huguet Nathalie, McFarland Bentson H, Caetano Raul, Conner Kenneth R, Giesbrecht Norman, Nolte Kurt B
Department of Social Welfare, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, Los Angeles, CA.
Center for Public Health Studies, School of Community Health, College of Urban & Public Affairs, Portland State University, Portland, OR.
Ann Epidemiol. 2014 Aug;24(8):588-592.e1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.05.008. Epub 2014 May 23.
Few studies have compared acute use of alcohol in suicide decedents with that in a nonsuicide group. This study provides the first national analysis of acute use of alcohol before suicide compared with an estimate of acute use of alcohol in a living sample.
Pooled 2003-2011 National Violent Death Reporting System data were used to estimate the prevalence of postmortem blood alcohol content positivity (blood alcohol content >0.0 g/dL) and intoxication (blood alcohol content ≥0.08 g/dL). Population estimates of comparable use of alcohol (within the past 48 hours) were based on the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.
Compared with the living sample, male and female suicide decedents showed, respectively, a 1.83-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.73-1.93) and 2.40-fold (95% CI, 2.24-2.57) increased risk of alcohol ingestion before their death after age, race/ethnicity, and chronic alcohol problems were controlled. Furthermore, male and female decedents exhibited, respectively, a 6.18-fold (95% CI, 5.57-6.86) and a 10.04-fold (95% CI, 8.67-11.64) increased risk of being intoxicated before their death after confounders were considered.
The findings underscore the crucial need to include among the essential components of suicide prevention policies programs that minimize the use of alcohol, particularly drinking to intoxication.
很少有研究将自杀死亡者急性酒精使用情况与非自杀组进行比较。本研究首次对全国范围内自杀前急性酒精使用情况进行分析，并与活体样本中急性酒精使用情况的估计值进行比较。
使用2003 - 2011年全国暴力死亡报告系统的汇总数据，估计死后血液酒精含量阳性（血液酒精含量>0.0 g/dL）和醉酒（血液酒精含量≥0.08 g/dL）的患病率。基于全国酒精及相关疾病流行病学调查，对（过去48小时内）酒精使用情况的总体估计进行了比较。
与活体样本相比，在控制年龄、种族/族裔和慢性酒精问题后，男性和女性自杀死亡者在死亡前摄入酒精的风险分别增加了1.83倍（95%置信区间[CI]，1.73 - 1.93）和2.40倍（95% CI，2.24 - 2.57）。此外，在考虑混杂因素后，男性和女性死亡者在死亡前醉酒的风险分别增加了6.18倍（95% CI，5.57 - 6.86）和10.04倍（95% CI，8.67 - 11.64）。
研究结果强调，在自杀预防政策项目的基本组成部分中，迫切需要纳入尽量减少酒精使用，尤其是避免醉酒的项目。
