Rebouillat Benjamin, Leonetti Jean Maurice, Kouider Sid
Brain and Consciousness Group (ENS, CNRS), Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
Ecole Doctorale Cerveau Cognition Comportement, ENS/ParisVI/ParisV, Paris 75005, France.
Neurosci Conscious. 2021 Mar 10;2021(1):niab004. doi: 10.1093/nc/niab004. eCollection 2021.
People can introspect on their internal state and report the reasons driving their decisions but choice blindness (CB) experiments suggest that this ability can sometimes be a retrospective illusion. Indeed, when presented with deceptive cues, people justify choices they did not make in the first place, suggesting that external cues largely contribute to introspective processes. Yet, it remains unclear what are the respective contributions of external cues and internal decision variables in forming introspective report. Here, using a brain-computer interface, we show that internal variables continue to be monitored but are less impactful than deceptive external cues during CB episodes. Moreover, we show that deceptive cues overturn the classical relationship between confidence and accuracy: introspective failures are associated with higher confidence than genuine introspective reports. We tracked back the origin of these overconfident confabulations by revealing their prominence when internal decision evidence is weak and variable. Thus, introspection is neither a direct reading of internal variables nor a mere retrospective illusion, but rather reflects the integration of internal decision evidence and external cues, with CB being a special instance where internal evidence is inconsistent.
人们可以内省自己的内心状态并报告驱动其决策的原因,但选择盲视(CB)实验表明,这种能力有时可能是一种事后的错觉。事实上,当面对欺骗性线索时,人们会为他们最初并未做出的选择进行辩护,这表明外部线索在很大程度上影响了内省过程。然而,目前尚不清楚外部线索和内部决策变量在形成内省报告中各自的作用是什么。在这里,我们使用脑机接口表明,在CB事件期间,内部变量仍在被监测,但比欺骗性外部线索的影响要小。此外,我们表明欺骗性线索颠覆了信心与准确性之间的经典关系:内省失败比真实的内省报告具有更高的信心。我们通过揭示当内部决策证据薄弱且多变时这些过度自信的虚构的突出性,追溯了这些过度自信的虚构的起源。因此,内省既不是对内部变量的直接读取,也不是单纯的事后错觉,而是反映了内部决策证据和外部线索的整合,CB是内部证据不一致的一个特殊情况。