Dardor Dareen, Al-Maas Mashael, Minier-Matar Joel, Janson Arnold, Sharma Ramesh, Hassan Mohammad K, Al-Maadeed Mariam Al Ali, Adham Samer
ConocoPhillips Global Water Sustainability Center, Qatar Science & Technology Park, 24750 Doha, Qatar.
ConocoPhillips Global Operations, Wells & Projects, Houston, Texas 77079, United States.
ACS Omega. 2021 Mar 5;6(10):6881-6892. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06065. eCollection 2021 Mar 16.
Produced water (PW) is the water associated with hydrocarbons during the extraction of oil and gas (O&G) from either conventional or unconventional resources. Existing efforts to enhance PW management systems include the development of novel membrane materials for oil-water separation. In attempting to evaluate these emerging physical separation technologies, researchers develop various formulations of test solutions aiming to represent actual PW. However, there is no clear scientific guideline published in the literature about how such a recipe should be prepared. This article develops a protocol for preparing synthetic solutions representing the characteristics and behavior of actual PW and enabling the performance comparisons of different oil-water separation membranes at the bench scale level. In this study, two different brine recipes were prepared based on salts present in actual PW, crude oil was used as the hydrocarbon source, and a surfactant was added to disperse the oil into the aqueous phase. The recipe is accessible to the wider scientific community and was proven to be reproduceable, homogenous, stable, and comparable to actual PW field samples through analytical monitoring measurements and bench scale evaluations.
采出水（PW）是在从常规或非常规资源中开采石油和天然气（O&G）过程中与碳氢化合物相关的水。目前加强采出水管理系统的努力包括开发用于油水分离的新型膜材料。在试图评估这些新兴的物理分离技术时，研究人员开发了各种测试溶液配方，旨在代表实际的采出水。然而，文献中没有关于应如何制备这种配方的明确科学指南。本文制定了一种制备合成溶液的方案，该溶液代表实际采出水的特性和行为，并能够在实验室规模水平上对不同的油水分离膜进行性能比较。在本研究中，根据实际采出水中存在的盐分制备了两种不同的盐水配方，使用原油作为碳氢化合物来源，并添加了一种表面活性剂以将油分散到水相中。该配方可供更广泛的科学界使用，并且通过分析监测测量和实验室规模评估，被证明是可重复、均匀、稳定的，并且与实际采出水现场样品具有可比性。
