School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
CNOOC China Limited Qinghuangdao 32-6/BoZhong Operating Company, Tianjin 300459, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jun 25;775:145485. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145485. Epub 2021 Jan 30.
Offshore oil and gas production is increasingly growing popular globally. Produced water (PW), which is the largest byproduct of oil and gas production, is a complex mixture of dissolved and undissolved organic and inorganic substances. PW contributes considerably to oil pollution in the offshore petroleum and gas industry owing to the organic substances, which mainly include hydrocarbons; this is a major concern to researchers because of the long-term adverse effects on the ecosystem. Since the development of offshore petroleum and gas industry, the PW treatment process has been classified into pretreatment, standard-reaching treatment, and advanced purification treatment based on the characteristics of PW and has been coupled with the environmental, economic, and regulatory considerations. The mechanism, design principle, application, and development of conventional technologies for PW treatment, such as gravity and enhanced gravity sedimentation, hydrocyclone, gas flotation, and medium filtration, are summarized in this study. Novel methods for further application, such as tubular separation, combined fibers coalescence, and membrane separation, are also discussed. Enhancement of treatment with multiple physical fields and environmentally friendly chemical agents, coupled with information control technology, would be the preferred PW treatment approach in the future. Moreover, the PW treatment system should be green, efficient, secure, and intelligent to satisfy the large-scale, unmanned, and abyssal exploration of offshore oil and gas production in the future.
海上油气生产在全球范围内越来越受欢迎。采出水（PW）是石油和天然气生产的最大副产品，是溶解和未溶解的有机和无机物质的复杂混合物。由于有机物质主要包括碳氢化合物，PW 对近海石油和天然气工业中的石油污染有很大的贡献，这是研究人员关注的主要问题，因为它会对生态系统造成长期的不利影响。自海上石油和天然气工业发展以来，根据 PW 的特性并结合环境、经济和监管方面的考虑，PW 处理过程已分为预处理、达标处理和先进净化处理。本文总结了 PW 处理的常规技术，如重力和强化重力沉降、旋流分离、气浮和介质过滤的机理、设计原理、应用和发展。还讨论了进一步应用的新方法，如管状分离、组合纤维聚结和膜分离。未来 PW 处理的首选方法将是增强多种物理场和环保化学剂的处理，并结合信息控制技术。此外，PW 处理系统应该是绿色、高效、安全和智能的，以满足未来海上油气生产的大规模、无人和深海勘探需求。
