中国大陆31个省份血液透析护士职业倦怠情况：一项横断面调查。

Hemodialysis nurse burnout in 31 provinces in mainland China: A cross-sectional survey.

作者信息

Guo Weiai, Zhou Lifang, Song Li, Zhang Guanrong, Zhong Mi, Sun Chunyan, Zheng Shuqian, Chen Yinggui, Liang Xinling, Shi Wei, Fu Xia

机构信息

The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.

出版信息

Hemodial Int. 2021 Mar 21. doi: 10.1111/hdi.12926.

DOI:10.1111/hdi.12926

PMID:33749129

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Job burnout is an occupational psychological syndrome with a high prevalence among nurses in China. Hemodialysis (HD) nursing work has the characteristics of high intensity, high technical content, and high risk. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and level of job burnout among HD nurses in China and explore the potential factors associated with burnout among HD nurses.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional study in 2019. Survey data were collected from 2738 HD centers in mainland China. Job burnout was measured by the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The working atmosphere, interpersonal relationships with colleagues, and intention to leave were each assessed by a single question respectively. Multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling were used for the analysis.

FINDINGS

A total of 10,570 surveys were collected. A total of 1199 (11.34%) HD nurses reported a high level of emotional exhaustion, 782 (7.40%) reported a high level of depersonalization, and 6767 (64.02%) reported a low level of personal accomplishment. Job burnout in the Northeastern region of mainland China was higher than that in other regions (p < 0.05). The working atmosphere, interpersonal relationships, region, hospital level, educational level, career planning, age, and number of children were significantly associated with burnout among HD nurses (p < 0.001, adjusted R = 0.313). The working environment, individual factors, and specialist nurse training were significantly associated with HD nurse burnout and intention to leave (comparative fit index = 0.907; goodness of fit index = 0.930; root mean square error of approximation = 0.055).

DISCUSSION

There were notable regional differences in the burnout of HD nurses. This study contributes to the knowledge of the possible relationship of job burnout and intention to leave in HD nurses. It is suggested that improving the working atmosphere or interpersonal relationships and providing more training opportunities can alleviate job burnout in HD nurses.

摘要

引言

职业倦怠是一种职业心理综合征，在中国护士群体中患病率较高。血液透析（HD）护理工作具有高强度、高技术含量和高风险的特点。本研究旨在调查中国HD护士职业倦怠的患病率和程度，并探讨与HD护士职业倦怠相关的潜在因素。

方法

这是一项2019年的横断面研究。调查数据来自中国大陆的2738个HD中心。采用中文版的马氏职业倦怠量表测量职业倦怠。工作氛围、与同事的人际关系和离职意愿分别通过一个单一问题进行评估。采用多元线性回归和结构方程模型进行分析。

结果

共收集到10570份调查问卷。共有1199名（11.34%）HD护士报告情绪衰竭程度较高，782名（7.40%）报告去人格化程度较高，6767名（64.02%）报告个人成就感较低。中国大陆东北地区的职业倦怠高于其他地区（p<0.05）。工作氛围、人际关系、地区、医院级别、教育程度、职业规划、年龄和子女数量与HD护士的职业倦怠显著相关（p<0.001，调整后R=0.313）。工作环境、个体因素和专科护士培训与HD护士的职业倦怠和离职意愿显著相关（比较拟合指数=0.907；拟合优度指数=0.930；近似均方根误差=0.055）。